root/parse.y

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DEFINITIONS

This source file includes following definitions.
  1. vtable_size
  2. vtable_alloc
  3. vtable_free
  4. vtable_add
  5. vtable_included
  6. token_info
  7. YYSTYPE
  8. yyparse
  9. ripper_dispatch_scan_event
  10. ripper_dispatch_delayed_token
  11. token_info_get_column
  12. token_info_has_nonspaces
  13. token_info_push
  14. token_info_pop
  15. parser_yyerror
  16. debug_lines
  17. coverage
  18. e_option_supplied
  19. yycompile0
  20. yycompile
  21. lex_get_str
  22. lex_getline
  23. rb_compile_string
  24. rb_parser_compile_string
  25. rb_compile_cstr
  26. rb_parser_compile_cstr
  27. lex_io_gets
  28. rb_compile_file
  29. rb_parser_compile_file
  30. parser_str_new
  31. parser_nextc
  32. parser_pushback
  33. parser_newtok
  34. parser_tokspace
  35. parser_tokadd
  36. parser_tok_hex
  37. parser_tokadd_utf8
  38. parser_read_escape
  39. parser_tokaddmbc
  40. parser_tokadd_escape
  41. parser_regx_options
  42. dispose_string
  43. parser_tokadd_mbchar
  44. parser_tokadd_string
  45. parser_parse_string
  46. parser_heredoc_identifier
  47. parser_heredoc_restore
  48. parser_whole_match_p
  49. parser_here_document
  50. arg_ambiguous_gen
  51. arg_ambiguous_gen
  52. lvar_defined_gen
  53. parser_encode_length
  54. parser_set_encode
  55. comment_at_top
  56. magic_comment_encoding
  57. magic_comment_marker
  58. parser_magic_comment
  59. set_file_encoding
  60. parser_prepare
  61. parser_yylex
  62. yylex
  63. node_newnode
  64. nodetype
  65. nodeline
  66. newline_node
  67. fixpos
  68. parser_warning
  69. parser_warn
  70. block_append_gen
  71. list_append_gen
  72. list_concat_gen
  73. literal_concat0
  74. literal_concat_gen
  75. evstr2dstr_gen
  76. new_evstr_gen
  77. call_bin_op_gen
  78. call_uni_op_gen
  79. match_op_gen
  80. gettable_gen
  81. assignable_gen
  82. shadowing_lvar_gen
  83. new_bv_gen
  84. aryset_gen
  85. block_dup_check_gen
  86. rb_id_attrset
  87. attrset_gen
  88. rb_backref_error_gen
  89. arg_concat_gen
  90. arg_append_gen
  91. splat_array
  92. node_assign_gen
  93. value_expr_gen
  94. void_expr_gen
  95. void_stmts_gen
  96. remove_begin
  97. reduce_nodes_gen
  98. assign_in_cond
  99. warn_unless_e_option
  100. warning_unless_e_option
  101. fixup_nodes
  102. range_op
  103. literal_node
  104. cond0
  105. cond_gen
  106. logop_gen
  107. no_blockarg
  108. ret_args_gen
  109. new_yield_gen
  110. negate_lit
  111. arg_blk_pass
  112. new_args_gen
  113. local_push_gen
  114. local_pop_gen
  115. vtable_tblcpy
  116. local_tbl_gen
  117. arg_var_gen
  118. local_var_gen
  119. local_id_gen
  120. dyna_push_gen
  121. dyna_pop_gen
  122. dyna_in_block_gen
  123. dvar_defined_gen
  124. dvar_curr_gen
  125. reg_fragment_setenc_gen
  126. reg_fragment_check_gen
  127. reg_named_capture_assign_t
  128. reg_named_capture_assign_iter
  129. reg_named_capture_assign_gen
  130. reg_compile_gen
  131. rb_gc_mark_parser
  132. rb_parser_append_print
  133. rb_parser_while_loop
  134. ivar2_cmp
  135. ivar2_hash
  136. Init_sym
  137. rb_gc_mark_symbols
  138. internal_id_gen
  139. is_special_global_name
  140. rb_symname_p
  141. rb_enc_symname_p
  142. rb_enc_symname2_p
  143. register_symid
  144. rb_intern3
  145. rb_intern2
  146. rb_intern
  147. rb_intern_str
  148. rb_id2str
  149. rb_id2name
  150. symbols_i
  151. rb_sym_all_symbols
  152. rb_is_const_id
  153. rb_is_class_id
  154. rb_is_instance_id
  155. rb_is_local_id
  156. rb_is_junk_id
  157. parser_initialize
  158. parser_mark
  159. parser_free
  160. parser_new
  161. rb_parser_new
  162. rb_parser_end_seen_p
  163. rb_parser_encoding
  164. rb_parser_get_yydebug
  165. rb_parser_set_yydebug
  166. rb_parser_malloc
  167. rb_parser_calloc
  168. rb_parser_realloc
  169. rb_parser_free
  170. ripper_validate_object
  171. ripper_dispatch0
  172. ripper_dispatch1
  173. ripper_dispatch2
  174. ripper_dispatch3
  175. ripper_dispatch4
  176. ripper_dispatch5
  177. keyword_id_to_str
  178. ripper_id2sym
  179. ripper_intern
  180. ripper_compile_error
  181. ripper_warn0
  182. ripper_warnI
  183. ripper_warnS
  184. ripper_warning0
  185. ripper_warningS
  186. ripper_lex_get_generic
  187. ripper_s_allocate
  188. ripper_initialize
  189. ripper_parse0
  190. ripper_ensure
  191. ripper_parse
  192. ripper_column
  193. ripper_lineno
  194. ripper_assert_Qundef
  195. ripper_value
  196. Init_ripper

/**********************************************************************

  parse.y -

  $Author: mame $
  created at: Fri May 28 18:02:42 JST 1993

  Copyright (C) 1993-2007 Yukihiro Matsumoto

**********************************************************************/

%{

#define YYDEBUG 1
#define YYERROR_VERBOSE 1
#define YYSTACK_USE_ALLOCA 0

#include "ruby/ruby.h"
#include "ruby/st.h"
#include "ruby/encoding.h"
#include "node.h"
#include "parse.h"
#include "id.h"
#include "regenc.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <ctype.h>

#define YYMALLOC(size)          rb_parser_malloc(parser, size)
#define YYREALLOC(ptr, size)    rb_parser_realloc(parser, ptr, size)
#define YYCALLOC(nelem, size)   rb_parser_calloc(parser, nelem, size)
#define YYFREE(ptr)             rb_parser_free(parser, ptr)
#define malloc  YYMALLOC
#define realloc YYREALLOC
#define calloc  YYCALLOC
#define free    YYFREE

#ifndef RIPPER
static ID register_symid(ID, const char *, long, rb_encoding *);
#define REGISTER_SYMID(id, name) register_symid(id, name, strlen(name), enc)
#include "id.c"
#endif

#define is_notop_id(id) ((id)>tLAST_TOKEN)
#define is_local_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_LOCAL)
#define is_global_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_GLOBAL)
#define is_instance_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_INSTANCE)
#define is_attrset_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_ATTRSET)
#define is_const_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_CONST)
#define is_class_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_CLASS)
#define is_junk_id(id) (is_notop_id(id)&&((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK)==ID_JUNK)

#define is_asgn_or_id(id) ((is_notop_id(id)) && \
        (((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK) == ID_GLOBAL || \
         ((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK) == ID_INSTANCE || \
         ((id)&ID_SCOPE_MASK) == ID_CLASS))

enum lex_state_e {
    EXPR_BEG,                   /* ignore newline, +/- is a sign. */
    EXPR_END,                   /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
    EXPR_ENDARG,                /* ditto, and unbound braces. */
    EXPR_ARG,                   /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
    EXPR_CMDARG,                /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
    EXPR_MID,                   /* newline significant, +/- is an operator. */
    EXPR_FNAME,                 /* ignore newline, no reserved words. */
    EXPR_DOT,                   /* right after `.' or `::', no reserved words. */
    EXPR_CLASS,                 /* immediate after `class', no here document. */
    EXPR_VALUE                  /* alike EXPR_BEG but label is disallowed. */
};

# ifdef HAVE_LONG_LONG
typedef unsigned LONG_LONG stack_type;
# else
typedef unsigned long stack_type;
# endif

# define BITSTACK_PUSH(stack, n)        (stack = (stack<<1)|((n)&1))
# define BITSTACK_POP(stack)    (stack = stack >> 1)
# define BITSTACK_LEXPOP(stack) (stack = (stack >> 1) | (stack & 1))
# define BITSTACK_SET_P(stack)  (stack&1)

#define COND_PUSH(n)    BITSTACK_PUSH(cond_stack, n)
#define COND_POP()      BITSTACK_POP(cond_stack)
#define COND_LEXPOP()   BITSTACK_LEXPOP(cond_stack)
#define COND_P()        BITSTACK_SET_P(cond_stack)

#define CMDARG_PUSH(n)  BITSTACK_PUSH(cmdarg_stack, n)
#define CMDARG_POP()    BITSTACK_POP(cmdarg_stack)
#define CMDARG_LEXPOP() BITSTACK_LEXPOP(cmdarg_stack)
#define CMDARG_P()      BITSTACK_SET_P(cmdarg_stack)

struct vtable {
    ID *tbl;
    int pos;
    int capa;
    struct vtable *prev;
};

struct local_vars {
    struct vtable *args;
    struct vtable *vars;
    struct local_vars *prev;
};

#define DVARS_INHERIT ((void*)1)
#define DVARS_TOPSCOPE NULL
#define DVARS_SPECIAL_P(tbl) (!POINTER_P(tbl))
#define POINTER_P(val) ((VALUE)(val) & ~(VALUE)3)

#ifndef RIPPER
static int
vtable_size(const struct vtable *tbl)
{
    if (POINTER_P(tbl)) {
        return tbl->pos;
    }
    else {
        return 0;
    }
}

#define VTBL_DEBUG 0

static struct vtable *
vtable_alloc(struct vtable *prev)
{
    struct vtable *tbl = ALLOC(struct vtable);
    tbl->pos = 0;
    tbl->capa = 8;
    tbl->tbl = ALLOC_N(ID, tbl->capa);
    tbl->prev = prev;
    if (VTBL_DEBUG) printf("vtable_alloc: %p\n", (void *)tbl);
    return tbl;
}

static void
vtable_free(struct vtable *tbl)
{
    if (VTBL_DEBUG)printf("vtable_free: %p\n", (void *)tbl);
    if (POINTER_P(tbl)) {
        if (tbl->tbl) {
            xfree(tbl->tbl);
        }
        xfree(tbl);
    }
}

static void
vtable_add(struct vtable *tbl, ID id)
{
    if (!POINTER_P(tbl)) {
        rb_bug("vtable_add: vtable is not allocated (%p)", (void *)tbl);
    }
    if (VTBL_DEBUG) printf("vtable_add: %p, %s\n", (void *)tbl, rb_id2name(id));

    if (tbl->pos == tbl->capa) {
        tbl->capa = tbl->capa * 2;
        REALLOC_N(tbl->tbl, ID, tbl->capa);
    }
    tbl->tbl[tbl->pos++] = id;
}

static int
vtable_included(const struct vtable * tbl, ID id)
{
    int i;

    if (POINTER_P(tbl)) {
        for (i = 0; i < tbl->pos; i++) {
            if (tbl->tbl[i] == id) {
                return 1;
            }
        }
    }
    return 0;
}


typedef struct token_info {
    const char *token;
    int linenum;
    int column;
    int nonspc;
    struct token_info *next;
} token_info;
#endif

/*
    Structure of Lexer Buffer:

 lex_pbeg      tokp         lex_p        lex_pend
    |           |              |            |
    |-----------+--------------+------------|
                |<------------>|
                     token
*/
struct parser_params {
    int is_ripper;
    NODE *heap;

    YYSTYPE *parser_yylval;
    VALUE eofp;

    NODE *parser_lex_strterm;
    enum lex_state_e parser_lex_state;
    stack_type parser_cond_stack;
    stack_type parser_cmdarg_stack;
    int parser_class_nest;
    int parser_paren_nest;
    int parser_lpar_beg;
    int parser_in_single;
    int parser_in_def;
    int parser_compile_for_eval;
    VALUE parser_cur_mid;
    int parser_in_defined;
    char *parser_tokenbuf;
    int parser_tokidx;
    int parser_toksiz;
    VALUE parser_lex_input;
    VALUE parser_lex_lastline;
    VALUE parser_lex_nextline;
    const char *parser_lex_pbeg;
    const char *parser_lex_p;
    const char *parser_lex_pend;
    int parser_heredoc_end;
    int parser_command_start;
    NODE *parser_deferred_nodes;
    int parser_lex_gets_ptr;
    VALUE (*parser_lex_gets)(struct parser_params*,VALUE);
    struct local_vars *parser_lvtbl;
    int parser_ruby__end__seen;
    int line_count;
    int has_shebang;
    char *parser_ruby_sourcefile; /* current source file */
    int parser_ruby_sourceline; /* current line no. */
    rb_encoding *enc;
    rb_encoding *utf8;

    int parser_yydebug;

#ifndef RIPPER
    /* Ruby core only */
    NODE *parser_eval_tree_begin;
    NODE *parser_eval_tree;
    VALUE debug_lines;
    VALUE coverage;
    int nerr;

    token_info *parser_token_info;
#else
    /* Ripper only */
    VALUE parser_ruby_sourcefile_string;
    const char *tokp;
    VALUE delayed;
    int delayed_line;
    int delayed_col;

    VALUE value;
    VALUE result;
    VALUE parsing_thread;
    int toplevel_p;
#endif
};

#define UTF8_ENC() (parser->utf8 ? parser->utf8 : \
                    (parser->utf8 = rb_utf8_encoding()))
#define STR_NEW(p,n) rb_enc_str_new((p),(n),parser->enc)
#define STR_NEW0() rb_enc_str_new(0,0,parser->enc)
#define STR_NEW2(p) rb_enc_str_new((p),strlen(p),parser->enc)
#define STR_NEW3(p,n,e,func) parser_str_new((p),(n),(e),(func),parser->enc)
#define ENC_SINGLE(cr) ((cr)==ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT)
#define TOK_INTERN(mb) rb_intern3(tok(), toklen(), parser->enc)

#ifdef YYMALLOC
void *rb_parser_malloc(struct parser_params *, size_t);
void *rb_parser_realloc(struct parser_params *, void *, size_t);
void *rb_parser_calloc(struct parser_params *, size_t, size_t);
void rb_parser_free(struct parser_params *, void *);
#endif

static int parser_yyerror(struct parser_params*, const char*);
#define yyerror(msg) parser_yyerror(parser, msg)

#define YYLEX_PARAM parser

#define lex_strterm             (parser->parser_lex_strterm)
#define lex_state               (parser->parser_lex_state)
#define cond_stack              (parser->parser_cond_stack)
#define cmdarg_stack            (parser->parser_cmdarg_stack)
#define class_nest              (parser->parser_class_nest)
#define paren_nest              (parser->parser_paren_nest)
#define lpar_beg                (parser->parser_lpar_beg)
#define in_single               (parser->parser_in_single)
#define in_def                  (parser->parser_in_def)
#define compile_for_eval        (parser->parser_compile_for_eval)
#define cur_mid                 (parser->parser_cur_mid)
#define in_defined              (parser->parser_in_defined)
#define tokenbuf                (parser->parser_tokenbuf)
#define tokidx                  (parser->parser_tokidx)
#define toksiz                  (parser->parser_toksiz)
#define lex_input               (parser->parser_lex_input)
#define lex_lastline            (parser->parser_lex_lastline)
#define lex_nextline            (parser->parser_lex_nextline)
#define lex_pbeg                (parser->parser_lex_pbeg)
#define lex_p                   (parser->parser_lex_p)
#define lex_pend                (parser->parser_lex_pend)
#define heredoc_end             (parser->parser_heredoc_end)
#define command_start           (parser->parser_command_start)
#define deferred_nodes          (parser->parser_deferred_nodes)
#define lex_gets_ptr            (parser->parser_lex_gets_ptr)
#define lex_gets                (parser->parser_lex_gets)
#define lvtbl                   (parser->parser_lvtbl)
#define ruby__end__seen         (parser->parser_ruby__end__seen)
#define ruby_sourceline         (parser->parser_ruby_sourceline)
#define ruby_sourcefile         (parser->parser_ruby_sourcefile)
#define yydebug                 (parser->parser_yydebug)
#ifdef RIPPER
#else
#define ruby_eval_tree          (parser->parser_eval_tree)
#define ruby_eval_tree_begin    (parser->parser_eval_tree_begin)
#define ruby_debug_lines        (parser->debug_lines)
#define ruby_coverage           (parser->coverage)
#endif

static int yylex(void*, void*);

#ifndef RIPPER
#define yyparse ruby_yyparse

static NODE* node_newnode(struct parser_params *, enum node_type, VALUE, VALUE, VALUE);
#define rb_node_newnode(type, a1, a2, a3) node_newnode(parser, type, a1, a2, a3)

static NODE *cond_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define cond(node) cond_gen(parser, node)
static NODE *logop_gen(struct parser_params*,enum node_type,NODE*,NODE*);
#define logop(type,node1,node2) logop_gen(parser, type, node1, node2)

static NODE *newline_node(NODE*);
static void fixpos(NODE*,NODE*);

static int value_expr_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
static void void_expr_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
static NODE *remove_begin(NODE*);
#define value_expr(node) value_expr_gen(parser, (node) = remove_begin(node))
#define void_expr0(node) void_expr_gen(parser, (node))
#define void_expr(node) void_expr0((node) = remove_begin(node))
static void void_stmts_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define void_stmts(node) void_stmts_gen(parser, node)
static void reduce_nodes_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE**);
#define reduce_nodes(n) reduce_nodes_gen(parser,n)
static void block_dup_check_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define block_dup_check(n1,n2) block_dup_check_gen(parser,n1,n2)

static NODE *block_append_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define block_append(h,t) block_append_gen(parser,h,t)
static NODE *list_append_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define list_append(l,i) list_append_gen(parser,l,i)
static NODE *list_concat_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define list_concat(h,t) list_concat_gen(parser,h,t)
static NODE *arg_append_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define arg_append(h,t) arg_append_gen(parser,h,t)
static NODE *arg_concat_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define arg_concat(h,t) arg_concat_gen(parser,h,t)
static NODE *literal_concat_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define literal_concat(h,t) literal_concat_gen(parser,h,t)
static NODE *new_evstr_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define new_evstr(n) new_evstr_gen(parser,n)
static NODE *evstr2dstr_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define evstr2dstr(n) evstr2dstr_gen(parser,n)
static NODE *splat_array(NODE*);

static NODE *call_bin_op_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,ID,NODE*);
#define call_bin_op(recv,id,arg1) call_bin_op_gen(parser, recv,id,arg1)
static NODE *call_uni_op_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,ID);
#define call_uni_op(recv,id) call_uni_op_gen(parser, recv,id)

static NODE *new_args_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*,ID,NODE*,ID);
#define new_args(f,o,r,p,b) new_args_gen(parser, f,o,r,p,b)
static void shadowing_lvar_gen(struct parser_params*,ID);
#define shadowing_lvar(name) shadowing_lvar_gen(parser, name)

static NODE *negate_lit(NODE*);
static NODE *ret_args_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define ret_args(node) ret_args_gen(parser, node)
static NODE *arg_blk_pass(NODE*,NODE*);
static NODE *new_yield_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define new_yield(node) new_yield_gen(parser, node)

static NODE *gettable_gen(struct parser_params*,ID);
#define gettable(id) gettable_gen(parser,id)
static NODE *assignable_gen(struct parser_params*,ID,NODE*);
#define assignable(id,node) assignable_gen(parser, id, node)
static void new_bv_gen(struct parser_params*,ID);
#define new_bv(id) new_bv_gen(parser, id)
static NODE *aryset_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define aryset(node1,node2) aryset_gen(parser, node1, node2)
static NODE *attrset_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,ID);
#define attrset(node,id) attrset_gen(parser, node, id)

static void rb_backref_error_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
#define rb_backref_error(n) rb_backref_error_gen(parser,n)
static NODE *node_assign_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define node_assign(node1, node2) node_assign_gen(parser, node1, node2)

static NODE *match_op_gen(struct parser_params*,NODE*,NODE*);
#define match_op(node1,node2) match_op_gen(parser, node1, node2)

static void local_push_gen(struct parser_params*,int);
#define local_push(top) local_push_gen(parser,top)
static void local_pop_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define local_pop() local_pop_gen(parser)
static int local_var_gen(struct parser_params*, ID);
#define local_var(id) local_var_gen(parser, id);
static int arg_var_gen(struct parser_params*, ID);
#define arg_var(id) arg_var_gen(parser, id)
static int  local_id_gen(struct parser_params*, ID);
#define local_id(id) local_id_gen(parser, id)
static ID  *local_tbl_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define local_tbl() local_tbl_gen(parser)
static ID   internal_id_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define internal_id() internal_id_gen(parser)

static void dyna_push_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define dyna_push() dyna_push_gen(parser)
static void dyna_pop_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define dyna_pop() dyna_pop_gen(parser)
static int dyna_in_block_gen(struct parser_params*);
#define dyna_in_block() dyna_in_block_gen(parser)
#define dyna_var(id) local_var(id)
static int dvar_defined_gen(struct parser_params*,ID);
#define dvar_defined(id) dvar_defined_gen(parser, id)
static int dvar_curr_gen(struct parser_params*,ID);
#define dvar_curr(id) dvar_curr_gen(parser, id)

static void fixup_nodes(NODE **);

extern int rb_dvar_defined(ID);
extern int rb_local_defined(ID);
extern int rb_parse_in_eval(void);
extern int rb_parse_in_main(void);

static VALUE reg_compile_gen(struct parser_params*, VALUE, int);
#define reg_compile(str,options) reg_compile_gen(parser, str, options)
static void reg_fragment_setenc_gen(struct parser_params*, VALUE, int);
#define reg_fragment_setenc(str,options) reg_fragment_setenc_gen(parser, str, options)
static void reg_fragment_check_gen(struct parser_params*, VALUE, int);
#define reg_fragment_check(str,options) reg_fragment_check_gen(parser, str, options)
static NODE *reg_named_capture_assign_gen(struct parser_params* parser, VALUE regexp, NODE *match);
#define reg_named_capture_assign(regexp,match) reg_named_capture_assign_gen(parser,regexp,match)
int rb_enc_symname2_p(const char *, int, rb_encoding *);
#else
#define remove_begin(node) (node)
#endif /* !RIPPER */
static int lvar_defined_gen(struct parser_params*, ID);
#define lvar_defined(id) lvar_defined_gen(parser, id)

#define RE_OPTION_ONCE (1<<16)
#define RE_OPTION_ENCODING_SHIFT 8
#define RE_OPTION_ENCODING(e) (((e)&0xff)<<RE_OPTION_ENCODING_SHIFT)
#define RE_OPTION_ENCODING_IDX(o) (((o)>>RE_OPTION_ENCODING_SHIFT)&0xff)
#define RE_OPTION_ENCODING_NONE(o) ((o)&RE_OPTION_ARG_ENCODING_NONE)
#define RE_OPTION_MASK  0xff
#define RE_OPTION_ARG_ENCODING_NONE 32

#define NODE_STRTERM NODE_ZARRAY        /* nothing to gc */
#define NODE_HEREDOC NODE_ARRAY         /* 1, 3 to gc */
#define SIGN_EXTEND(x,n) (((1<<(n)-1)^((x)&~(~0<<(n))))-(1<<(n)-1))
#define nd_func u1.id
#if SIZEOF_SHORT == 2
#define nd_term(node) ((signed short)(node)->u2.id)
#else
#define nd_term(node) SIGN_EXTEND((node)->u2.id, CHAR_BIT*2)
#endif
#define nd_paren(node) (char)((node)->u2.id >> CHAR_BIT*2)
#define nd_nest u3.cnt

/****** Ripper *******/

#ifdef RIPPER
#define RIPPER_VERSION "0.1.0"

#include "eventids1.c"
#include "eventids2.c"
static ID ripper_id_gets;

static VALUE ripper_dispatch0(struct parser_params*,ID);
static VALUE ripper_dispatch1(struct parser_params*,ID,VALUE);
static VALUE ripper_dispatch2(struct parser_params*,ID,VALUE,VALUE);
static VALUE ripper_dispatch3(struct parser_params*,ID,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE);
static VALUE ripper_dispatch4(struct parser_params*,ID,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE);
static VALUE ripper_dispatch5(struct parser_params*,ID,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE,VALUE);

#define dispatch0(n)            ripper_dispatch0(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n))
#define dispatch1(n,a)          ripper_dispatch1(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n), a)
#define dispatch2(n,a,b)        ripper_dispatch2(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n), a, b)
#define dispatch3(n,a,b,c)      ripper_dispatch3(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n), a, b, c)
#define dispatch4(n,a,b,c,d)    ripper_dispatch4(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n), a, b, c, d)
#define dispatch5(n,a,b,c,d,e)  ripper_dispatch5(parser, TOKEN_PASTE(ripper_id_, n), a, b, c, d, e)

#define yyparse ripper_yyparse

static VALUE ripper_intern(const char*);
static VALUE ripper_id2sym(ID);
#ifdef __GNUC__
#define ripper_id2sym(id) ((id) < 256 && rb_ispunct(id) ? \
                           ID2SYM(id) : ripper_id2sym(id))
#endif

#define arg_new() dispatch0(args_new)
#define arg_add(l,a) dispatch2(args_add, l, a)
#define arg_prepend(l,a) dispatch2(args_prepend, l, a)
#define arg_add_star(l,a) dispatch2(args_add_star, l, a)
#define arg_add_block(l,b) dispatch2(args_add_block, l, b)
#define arg_add_optblock(l,b) ((b)==Qundef? l : dispatch2(args_add_block, l, b))
#define bare_assoc(v) dispatch1(bare_assoc_hash, v)
#define arg_add_assocs(l,b) arg_add(l, bare_assoc(b))

#define args2mrhs(a) dispatch1(mrhs_new_from_args, a)
#define mrhs_new() dispatch0(mrhs_new)
#define mrhs_add(l,a) dispatch2(mrhs_add, l, a)
#define mrhs_add_star(l,a) dispatch2(mrhs_add_star, l, a)

#define mlhs_new() dispatch0(mlhs_new)
#define mlhs_add(l,a) dispatch2(mlhs_add, l, a)
#define mlhs_add_star(l,a) dispatch2(mlhs_add_star, l, a)

#define params_new(pars, opts, rest, pars2, blk) \
        dispatch5(params, pars, opts, rest, pars2, blk)

#define blockvar_new(p,v) dispatch2(block_var, p, v)
#define blockvar_add_star(l,a) dispatch2(block_var_add_star, l, a)
#define blockvar_add_block(l,a) dispatch2(block_var_add_block, l, a)

#define method_optarg(m,a) ((a)==Qundef ? m : dispatch2(method_add_arg,m,a))
#define method_arg(m,a) dispatch2(method_add_arg,m,a)
#define method_add_block(m,b) dispatch2(method_add_block, m, b)

#define escape_Qundef(x) ((x)==Qundef ? Qnil : (x))

#define FIXME 0

#endif /* RIPPER */

#ifndef RIPPER
# define ifndef_ripper(x) x
#else
# define ifndef_ripper(x)
#endif

#ifndef RIPPER
# define rb_warn0(fmt)    rb_compile_warn(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline, fmt)
# define rb_warnI(fmt,a)  rb_compile_warn(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline, fmt, a)
# define rb_warnS(fmt,a)  rb_compile_warn(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline, fmt, a)
# define rb_warning0(fmt) rb_compile_warning(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline, fmt)
# define rb_warningS(fmt,a) rb_compile_warning(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline, fmt, a)
#else
# define rb_warn0(fmt)    ripper_warn0(parser, fmt)
# define rb_warnI(fmt,a)  ripper_warnI(parser, fmt, a)
# define rb_warnS(fmt,a)  ripper_warnS(parser, fmt, a)
# define rb_warning0(fmt) ripper_warning0(parser, fmt)
# define rb_warningS(fmt,a) ripper_warningS(parser, fmt, a)
static void ripper_warn0(struct parser_params*, const char*);
static void ripper_warnI(struct parser_params*, const char*, int);
#if 0
static void ripper_warnS(struct parser_params*, const char*, const char*);
#endif
static void ripper_warning0(struct parser_params*, const char*);
static void ripper_warningS(struct parser_params*, const char*, const char*);
#endif

#ifdef RIPPER
static void ripper_compile_error(struct parser_params*, const char *fmt, ...);
# define rb_compile_error ripper_compile_error
# define compile_error ripper_compile_error
# define PARSER_ARG parser,
#else
# define compile_error parser->nerr++,rb_compile_error
# define PARSER_ARG ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline,
#endif

/* Older versions of Yacc set YYMAXDEPTH to a very low value by default (150,
   for instance).  This is too low for Ruby to parse some files, such as
   date/format.rb, therefore bump the value up to at least Bison's default. */
#ifdef OLD_YACC
#ifndef YYMAXDEPTH
#define YYMAXDEPTH 10000
#endif
#endif

#ifndef RIPPER
static void token_info_push(struct parser_params*, const char *token);
static void token_info_pop(struct parser_params*, const char *token);
#endif
%}

%pure_parser
%parse-param {struct parser_params *parser}

%union {
    VALUE val;
    NODE *node;
    ID id;
    int num;
}

/*%%%*/
%token
/*%
%token <val>
%*/
        keyword_class
        keyword_module
        keyword_def
        keyword_undef
        keyword_begin
        keyword_rescue
        keyword_ensure
        keyword_end
        keyword_if
        keyword_unless
        keyword_then
        keyword_elsif
        keyword_else
        keyword_case
        keyword_when
        keyword_while
        keyword_until
        keyword_for
        keyword_break
        keyword_next
        keyword_redo
        keyword_retry
        keyword_in
        keyword_do
        keyword_do_cond
        keyword_do_block
        keyword_do_LAMBDA
        keyword_return
        keyword_yield
        keyword_super
        keyword_self
        keyword_nil
        keyword_true
        keyword_false
        keyword_and
        keyword_or
        keyword_not
        modifier_if
        modifier_unless
        modifier_while
        modifier_until
        modifier_rescue
        keyword_alias
        keyword_defined
        keyword_BEGIN
        keyword_END
        keyword__LINE__
        keyword__FILE__
        keyword__ENCODING__

%token <id>   tIDENTIFIER tFID tGVAR tIVAR tCONSTANT tCVAR tLABEL
%token <node> tINTEGER tFLOAT tSTRING_CONTENT tCHAR
%token <node> tNTH_REF tBACK_REF
%token <num>  tREGEXP_END

%type <node> singleton strings string string1 xstring regexp
%type <node> string_contents xstring_contents string_content
%type <node> words qwords word_list qword_list word
%type <node> literal numeric dsym cpath
%type <node> top_compstmt top_stmts top_stmt
%type <node> bodystmt compstmt stmts stmt expr arg primary command command_call method_call
%type <node> expr_value arg_value primary_value
%type <node> if_tail opt_else case_body cases opt_rescue exc_list exc_var opt_ensure
%type <node> args call_args opt_call_args
%type <node> paren_args opt_paren_args
%type <node> command_args aref_args opt_block_arg block_arg var_ref var_lhs
%type <node> mrhs superclass block_call block_command
%type <node> f_block_optarg f_block_opt
%type <node> f_arglist f_args f_arg f_arg_item f_optarg f_marg f_marg_list f_margs
%type <node> assoc_list assocs assoc undef_list backref string_dvar for_var
%type <node> block_param opt_block_param block_param_def f_opt
%type <node> bv_decls opt_bv_decl bvar
%type <node> lambda f_larglist lambda_body
%type <node> brace_block cmd_brace_block do_block lhs none fitem
%type <node> mlhs mlhs_head mlhs_basic mlhs_item mlhs_node mlhs_post mlhs_inner
%type <id>   fsym variable sym symbol operation operation2 operation3
%type <id>   cname fname op f_rest_arg f_block_arg opt_f_block_arg f_norm_arg f_bad_arg
/*%%%*/
/*%
%type <val> program reswords then do dot_or_colon
%*/
%token tUPLUS           /* unary+ */
%token tUMINUS          /* unary- */
%token tPOW             /* ** */
%token tCMP             /* <=> */
%token tEQ              /* == */
%token tEQQ             /* === */
%token tNEQ             /* != */
%token tGEQ             /* >= */
%token tLEQ             /* <= */
%token tANDOP tOROP     /* && and || */
%token tMATCH tNMATCH   /* =~ and !~ */
%token tDOT2 tDOT3      /* .. and ... */
%token tAREF tASET      /* [] and []= */
%token tLSHFT tRSHFT    /* << and >> */
%token tCOLON2          /* :: */
%token tCOLON3          /* :: at EXPR_BEG */
%token <id> tOP_ASGN    /* +=, -=  etc. */
%token tASSOC           /* => */
%token tLPAREN          /* ( */
%token tLPAREN_ARG      /* ( */
%token tRPAREN          /* ) */
%token tLBRACK          /* [ */
%token tLBRACE          /* { */
%token tLBRACE_ARG      /* { */
%token tSTAR            /* * */
%token tAMPER           /* & */
%token tLAMBDA          /* -> */
%token tSYMBEG tSTRING_BEG tXSTRING_BEG tREGEXP_BEG tWORDS_BEG tQWORDS_BEG
%token tSTRING_DBEG tSTRING_DVAR tSTRING_END tLAMBEG

/*
 *      precedence table
 */

%nonassoc tLOWEST
%nonassoc tLBRACE_ARG

%nonassoc  modifier_if modifier_unless modifier_while modifier_until
%left  keyword_or keyword_and
%right keyword_not
%nonassoc keyword_defined
%right '=' tOP_ASGN
%left modifier_rescue
%right '?' ':'
%nonassoc tDOT2 tDOT3
%left  tOROP
%left  tANDOP
%nonassoc  tCMP tEQ tEQQ tNEQ tMATCH tNMATCH
%left  '>' tGEQ '<' tLEQ
%left  '|' '^'
%left  '&'
%left  tLSHFT tRSHFT
%left  '+' '-'
%left  '*' '/' '%'
%right tUMINUS_NUM tUMINUS
%right tPOW
%right '!' '~' tUPLUS

%nonassoc idNULL
%nonassoc idRespond_to
%nonassoc idIFUNC
%nonassoc idCFUNC
%nonassoc idThrowState
%nonassoc id_core_set_method_alias
%nonassoc id_core_set_variable_alias
%nonassoc id_core_undef_method
%nonassoc id_core_define_method
%nonassoc id_core_define_singleton_method
%nonassoc id_core_set_postexe

%token tLAST_TOKEN

%%
program         :  {
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(compile_for_eval);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  top_compstmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($2 && !compile_for_eval) {
                            /* last expression should not be void */
                            if (nd_type($2) != NODE_BLOCK) void_expr($2);
                            else {
                                NODE *node = $2;
                                while (node->nd_next) {
                                    node = node->nd_next;
                                }
                                void_expr(node->nd_head);
                            }
                        }
                        ruby_eval_tree = NEW_SCOPE(0, block_append(ruby_eval_tree, $2));
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = $2;
                        parser->result = dispatch1(program, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

top_compstmt    : top_stmts opt_terms
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        void_stmts($1);
                        fixup_nodes(&deferred_nodes);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                ;

top_stmts       : none
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, dispatch0(stmts_new),
                                                  dispatch0(void_stmt));
                    %*/
                    }
                | top_stmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = newline_node($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, dispatch0(stmts_new), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | top_stmts terms top_stmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = block_append($1, newline_node($3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | error top_stmt
                    {
                        $$ = remove_begin($2);
                    }
                ;

top_stmt        : stmt
                | keyword_BEGIN
                    {
                        if (in_def || in_single) {
                            yyerror("BEGIN in method");
                        }
                    /*%%%*/
                        /* local_push(0); */
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  '{' top_compstmt '}'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        ruby_eval_tree_begin = block_append(ruby_eval_tree_begin,
                                                            $4);
                        /* NEW_PREEXE($4)); */
                        /* local_pop(); */
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(BEGIN, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

bodystmt        : compstmt
                  opt_rescue
                  opt_else
                  opt_ensure
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $1;
                        if ($2) {
                            $$ = NEW_RESCUE($1, $2, $3);
                        }
                        else if ($3) {
                            rb_warn0("else without rescue is useless");
                            $$ = block_append($$, $3);
                        }
                        if ($4) {
                            if ($$) {
                                $$ = NEW_ENSURE($$, $4);
                            }
                            else {
                                $$ = block_append($4, NEW_NIL());
                            }
                        }
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(body_stmt,
                                       escape_Qundef($1),
                                       escape_Qundef($2),
                                       escape_Qundef($3),
                                       escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

compstmt        : stmts opt_terms
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        void_stmts($1);
                        fixup_nodes(&deferred_nodes);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                ;

stmts           : none
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, dispatch0(stmts_new),
                                                  dispatch0(void_stmt));
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = newline_node($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, dispatch0(stmts_new), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmts terms stmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = block_append($1, newline_node($3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(stmts_add, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | error stmt
                    {
                        $$ = remove_begin($2);
                    }
                ;

stmt            : keyword_alias fitem {lex_state = EXPR_FNAME;} fitem
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ALIAS($2, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(alias, $2, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_alias tGVAR tGVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(var_alias, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_alias tGVAR tBACK_REF
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        char buf[3];

                        sprintf(buf, "$%c", (char)$3->nd_nth);
                        $$ = NEW_VALIAS($2, rb_intern(buf));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(var_alias, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_alias tGVAR tNTH_REF
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("can't make alias for the number variables");
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(var_alias, $2, $3);
                        $$ = dispatch1(alias_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_undef undef_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(undef, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt modifier_if expr_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_IF(cond($3), remove_begin($1), 0);
                        fixpos($$, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(if_mod, $3, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt modifier_unless expr_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_UNLESS(cond($3), remove_begin($1), 0);
                        fixpos($$, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unless_mod, $3, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt modifier_while expr_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($1 && nd_type($1) == NODE_BEGIN) {
                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond($3), $1->nd_body, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond($3), $1, 1);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(while_mod, $3, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt modifier_until expr_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($1 && nd_type($1) == NODE_BEGIN) {
                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond($3), $1->nd_body, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond($3), $1, 1);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(until_mod, $3, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | stmt modifier_rescue stmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *resq = NEW_RESBODY(0, remove_begin($3), 0);
                        $$ = NEW_RESCUE(remove_begin($1), resq, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(rescue_mod, $3, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_END '{' compstmt '}'
                    {
                        if (in_def || in_single) {
                            rb_warn0("END in method; use at_exit");
                        }
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_POSTEXE(NEW_NODE(
                            NODE_SCOPE, 0 /* tbl */, $3 /* body */, 0 /* args */));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(END, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | lhs '=' command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $$ = node_assign($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs '=' command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $1->nd_value = $3;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(massign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | var_lhs tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        if ($1) {
                            ID vid = $1->nd_vid;
                            if ($2 == tOROP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_OR(gettable(vid), $1);
                                if (is_asgn_or_id(vid)) {
                                    $$->nd_aid = vid;
                                }
                            }
                            else if ($2 == tANDOP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_AND(gettable(vid), $1);
                            }
                            else {
                                $$ = $1;
                                $$->nd_value = NEW_CALL(gettable(vid), $2, NEW_LIST($3));
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *args;

                        value_expr($6);
                        if (!$3) $3 = NEW_ZARRAY();
                        args = arg_concat($6, $3);
                        if ($5 == tOROP) {
                            $5 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($5 == tANDOP) {
                            $5 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN1($1, $5, args);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(aref_field, $1, escape_Qundef($3));
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $5, $6);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | backref tOP_ASGN command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        rb_backref_error($1);
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assign, dispatch1(var_field, $1), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | lhs '=' mrhs
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $$ = node_assign($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs '=' arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $1->nd_value = $3;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(massign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs '=' mrhs
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $1->nd_value = $3;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(massign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | expr
                ;

expr            : command_call
                | expr keyword_and expr
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = logop(NODE_AND, $1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("and"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | expr keyword_or expr
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = logop(NODE_OR, $1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("or"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_not opt_nl expr
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op(cond($3), '!');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("not"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | '!' command_call
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op(cond($2), '!');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_id2sym('!'), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg
                ;

expr_value      : expr
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        $$ = $1;
                        if (!$$) $$ = NEW_NIL();
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

command_call    : command
                | block_command
                | keyword_return call_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_RETURN(ret_args($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(return, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_break call_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_BREAK(ret_args($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(break, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_next call_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_NEXT(ret_args($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(next, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

block_command   : block_call
                | block_call '.' operation2 command_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = method_arg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | block_call tCOLON2 operation2 command_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                        $$ = method_arg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

cmd_brace_block : tLBRACE_ARG
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        dyna_push();
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  opt_block_param
                  compstmt
                  '}'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ITER($3,$4);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>2);
                        dyna_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(brace_block, escape_Qundef($3), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

command         : operation command_args       %prec tLOWEST
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_FCALL($1, $2);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(command, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | operation command_args cmd_brace_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        block_dup_check($2,$3);
                        $3->nd_iter = NEW_FCALL($1, $2);
                        $$ = $3;
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(command, $1, $2);
                        $$ = method_add_block($$, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' operation2 command_args     %prec tLOWEST
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(command_call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' operation2 command_args cmd_brace_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        block_dup_check($4,$5);
                        $5->nd_iter = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        $$ = $5;
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(command_call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3, $4);
                        $$ = method_add_block($$, $5);
                    %*/
                   }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 command_args %prec tLOWEST
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(command_call, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 command_args cmd_brace_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        block_dup_check($4,$5);
                        $5->nd_iter = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        $$ = $5;
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(command_call, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3, $4);
                        $$ = method_add_block($$, $5);
                    %*/
                   }
                | keyword_super command_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_SUPER($2);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(super, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_yield command_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_yield($2);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(yield, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs            : mlhs_basic
                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_inner      : mlhs_basic
                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(NEW_LIST($2), 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_basic      : mlhs_head
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head mlhs_item
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(list_append($1,$2), 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add($1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs_post
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG($3,$5));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head tSTAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, -1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head tSTAR ',' mlhs_post
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG(-1, $4));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR mlhs_node
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR mlhs_node ',' mlhs_post
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG($2,$4));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, -1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR ',' mlhs_post
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG(-1, $3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_item       : mlhs_node
                | tLPAREN mlhs_inner rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_head       : mlhs_item ','
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add(mlhs_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_head mlhs_item ','
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add($1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_post       : mlhs_item
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add(mlhs_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mlhs_post ',' mlhs_item
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mlhs_node       : variable
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = assignable($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = aryset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(aref_field, $1, escape_Qundef($3));
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_field, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_CDECL(0, 0, NEW_COLON2($1, $3));
                    /*%
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_field, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_CDECL(0, 0, NEW_COLON3($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(top_const_field, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | backref
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        rb_backref_error($1);
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_field, $1);
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

lhs             : variable
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!($$ = assignable($1, 0))) $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_field, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = aryset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(aref_field, $1, escape_Qundef($3));
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = attrset($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_CDECL(0, 0, NEW_COLON2($1, $3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_field, $1, $3);
                        if (in_def || in_single) {
                            $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                        }
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_CDECL(0, 0, NEW_COLON3($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(top_const_field, $2);
                        if (in_def || in_single) {
                            $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                        }
                    %*/
                    }
                | backref
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        rb_backref_error($1);
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

cname           : tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("class/module name must be CONSTANT");
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(class_name_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCONSTANT
                ;

cpath           : tCOLON3 cname
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(top_const_ref, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | cname
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_COLON2(0, $$);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(const_ref, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 cname
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_ref, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

fname           : tIDENTIFIER
                | tCONSTANT
                | tFID
                | op
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | reswords
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = $<id>1;
                    /*%
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

fsym            : fname
                | symbol
                ;

fitem           : fsym
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIT(ID2SYM($1));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(symbol_literal, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | dsym
                ;

undef_list      : fitem
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_UNDEF($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | undef_list ',' {lex_state = EXPR_FNAME;} fitem
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = block_append($1, NEW_UNDEF($4));
                    /*%
                        rb_ary_push($1, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

op              : '|'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '|'); }
                | '^'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '^'); }
                | '&'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '&'); }
                | tCMP          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tCMP); }
                | tEQ           { ifndef_ripper($$ = tEQ); }
                | tEQQ          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tEQQ); }
                | tMATCH        { ifndef_ripper($$ = tMATCH); }
                | tNMATCH       { ifndef_ripper($$ = tNMATCH); }
                | '>'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '>'); }
                | tGEQ          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tGEQ); }
                | '<'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '<'); }
                | tLEQ          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tLEQ); }
                | tNEQ          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tNEQ); }
                | tLSHFT        { ifndef_ripper($$ = tLSHFT); }
                | tRSHFT        { ifndef_ripper($$ = tRSHFT); }
                | '+'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '+'); }
                | '-'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '-'); }
                | '*'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '*'); }
                | tSTAR         { ifndef_ripper($$ = '*'); }
                | '/'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '/'); }
                | '%'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '%'); }
                | tPOW          { ifndef_ripper($$ = tPOW); }
                | '!'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '!'); }
                | '~'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '~'); }
                | tUPLUS        { ifndef_ripper($$ = tUPLUS); }
                | tUMINUS       { ifndef_ripper($$ = tUMINUS); }
                | tAREF         { ifndef_ripper($$ = tAREF); }
                | tASET         { ifndef_ripper($$ = tASET); }
                | '`'           { ifndef_ripper($$ = '`'); }
                ;

reswords        : keyword__LINE__ | keyword__FILE__ | keyword__ENCODING__
                | keyword_BEGIN | keyword_END
                | keyword_alias | keyword_and | keyword_begin
                | keyword_break | keyword_case | keyword_class | keyword_def
                | keyword_defined | keyword_do | keyword_else | keyword_elsif
                | keyword_end | keyword_ensure | keyword_false
                | keyword_for | keyword_in | keyword_module | keyword_next
                | keyword_nil | keyword_not | keyword_or | keyword_redo
                | keyword_rescue | keyword_retry | keyword_return | keyword_self
                | keyword_super | keyword_then | keyword_true | keyword_undef
                | keyword_when | keyword_yield | keyword_if | keyword_unless
                | keyword_while | keyword_until
                ;

arg             : lhs '=' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $$ = node_assign($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assign, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | lhs '=' arg modifier_rescue arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $3 = NEW_RESCUE($3, NEW_RESBODY(0,$5,0), 0);
                        $$ = node_assign($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assign, $1, dispatch2(rescue_mod, $3, $5));
                    %*/
                    }
                | var_lhs tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        if ($1) {
                            ID vid = $1->nd_vid;
                            if ($2 == tOROP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_OR(gettable(vid), $1);
                                if (is_asgn_or_id(vid)) {
                                    $$->nd_aid = vid;
                                }
                            }
                            else if ($2 == tANDOP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_AND(gettable(vid), $1);
                            }
                            else {
                                $$ = $1;
                                $$->nd_value = NEW_CALL(gettable(vid), $2, NEW_LIST($3));
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | var_lhs tOP_ASGN arg modifier_rescue arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($3);
                        $3 = NEW_RESCUE($3, NEW_RESBODY(0,$5,0), 0);
                        if ($1) {
                            ID vid = $1->nd_vid;
                            if ($2 == tOROP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_OR(gettable(vid), $1);
                                if (is_asgn_or_id(vid)) {
                                    $$->nd_aid = vid;
                                }
                            }
                            else if ($2 == tANDOP) {
                                $1->nd_value = $3;
                                $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN_AND(gettable(vid), $1);
                            }
                            else {
                                $$ = $1;
                                $$->nd_value = NEW_CALL(gettable(vid), $2, NEW_LIST($3));
                            }
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $3 = dispatch2(rescue_mod, $3, $5);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *args;

                        value_expr($6);
                        if (!$3) $3 = NEW_ZARRAY();
                        args = arg_concat($6, $3);
                        if ($5 == tOROP) {
                            $5 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($5 == tANDOP) {
                            $5 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN1($1, $5, args);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $1 = dispatch2(aref_field, $1, escape_Qundef($3));
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $5, $6);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $1 = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $1 = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tIDENTIFIER tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($5);
                        if ($4 == tOROP) {
                            $4 = 0;
                        }
                        else if ($4 == tANDOP) {
                            $4 = 1;
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_OP_ASGN2($1, $3, $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $1 = dispatch3(field, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $1, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("constant re-assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_field, $1, $3);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $4, $5);
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("constant re-assignment");
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(top_const_field, $2);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $3, $4);
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | backref tOP_ASGN arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        rb_backref_error($1);
                        $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_field, $1);
                        $$ = dispatch3(opassign, $$, $2, $3);
                        $$ = dispatch1(assign_error, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tDOT2 arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        value_expr($3);
                        $$ = NEW_DOT2($1, $3);
                        if (nd_type($1) == NODE_LIT && FIXNUM_P($1->nd_lit) &&
                            nd_type($3) == NODE_LIT && FIXNUM_P($3->nd_lit)) {
                            deferred_nodes = list_append(deferred_nodes, $$);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(dot2, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tDOT3 arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        value_expr($3);
                        $$ = NEW_DOT3($1, $3);
                        if (nd_type($1) == NODE_LIT && FIXNUM_P($1->nd_lit) &&
                            nd_type($3) == NODE_LIT && FIXNUM_P($3->nd_lit)) {
                            deferred_nodes = list_append(deferred_nodes, $$);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(dot3, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '+' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '+', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('+'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '-' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '-', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('-'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '*' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '*', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('*'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '/' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '/', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('/'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '%' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '%', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('%'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tPOW arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tPOW, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("**"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tUMINUS_NUM tINTEGER tPOW arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL(call_bin_op($2, tPOW, $4), tUMINUS, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $2, ripper_intern("**"), $4);
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("-@"), $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tUMINUS_NUM tFLOAT tPOW arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL(call_bin_op($2, tPOW, $4), tUMINUS, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $2, ripper_intern("**"), $4);
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("-@"), $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tUPLUS arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op($2, tUPLUS);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("+@"), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tUMINUS arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op($2, tUMINUS);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("-@"), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '|' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '|', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('|'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '^' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '^', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('^'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '&' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '&', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('&'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tCMP arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tCMP, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("<=>"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '>' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '>', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('>'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tGEQ arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tGEQ, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern(">="), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '<' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, '<', $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ID2SYM('<'), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tLEQ arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tLEQ, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("<="), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tEQ arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tEQ, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("=="), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tEQQ arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tEQQ, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("==="), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tNEQ arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tNEQ, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("!="), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tMATCH arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = match_op($1, $3);
                        if (nd_type($1) == NODE_LIT && TYPE($1->nd_lit) == T_REGEXP) {
                            $$ = reg_named_capture_assign($1->nd_lit, $$);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("=~"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tNMATCH arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tNMATCH, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("!~"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | '!' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op(cond($2), '!');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ID2SYM('!'), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | '~' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op($2, '~');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ID2SYM('~'), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tLSHFT arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tLSHFT, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("<<"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tRSHFT arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_bin_op($1, tRSHFT, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern(">>"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tANDOP arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = logop(NODE_AND, $1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("&&"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg tOROP arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = logop(NODE_OR, $1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(binary, $1, ripper_intern("||"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_defined opt_nl {in_defined = 1;} arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        in_defined = 0;
                        $$ = NEW_DEFINED($4);
                    /*%
                        in_defined = 0;
                        $$ = dispatch1(defined, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | arg '?' arg opt_nl ':' arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        $$ = NEW_IF(cond($1), $3, $6);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(ifop, $1, $3, $6);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary
                    {
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                ;

arg_value       : arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        $$ = $1;
                        if (!$$) $$ = NEW_NIL();
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

aref_args       : none
                | args trailer
                    {
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                | args ',' assocs trailer
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = arg_append($1, NEW_HASH($3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_assocs($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | assocs trailer
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST(NEW_HASH($1));
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_assocs(arg_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

paren_args      : '(' opt_call_args rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(arg_paren, escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

opt_paren_args  : none
                | paren_args
                ;

opt_call_args   : none
                | call_args
                ;

call_args       : command
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add(arg_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | args opt_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = arg_blk_pass($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_optblock($1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | assocs opt_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST(NEW_HASH($1));
                        $$ = arg_blk_pass($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_assocs(arg_new(), $1);
                        $$ = arg_add_optblock($$, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | args ',' assocs opt_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = arg_append($1, NEW_HASH($3));
                        $$ = arg_blk_pass($$, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_optblock(arg_add_assocs($1, $3), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | block_arg
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        $$ = arg_add_block(arg_new(), $1);
                    }
                    %*/
                ;

command_args    :  {
                        $<num>$ = cmdarg_stack;
                        CMDARG_PUSH(1);
                    }
                  call_args
                    {
                        /* CMDARG_POP() */
                        cmdarg_stack = $<num>1;
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                ;

block_arg       : tAMPER arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_BLOCK_PASS($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $2;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

opt_block_arg   : ',' block_arg
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                | ','
                    {
                        $$ = 0;
                    }
                | none
                    {
                        $$ = 0;
                    }
                ;

args            : arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add(arg_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_SPLAT($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_star(arg_new(), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | args ',' arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *n1;
                        if ((n1 = splat_array($1)) != 0) {
                            $$ = list_append(n1, $3);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = arg_append($1, $3);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | args ',' tSTAR arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *n1;
                        if ((nd_type($4) == NODE_ARRAY) && (n1 = splat_array($1)) != 0) {
                            $$ = list_concat(n1, $4);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = arg_concat($1, $4);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = arg_add_star($1, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

mrhs            : args ',' arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *n1;
                        if ((n1 = splat_array($1)) != 0) {
                            $$ = list_append(n1, $3);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = arg_append($1, $3);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = mrhs_add(args2mrhs($1), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | args ',' tSTAR arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *n1;
                        if (nd_type($4) == NODE_ARRAY &&
                            (n1 = splat_array($1)) != 0) {
                            $$ = list_concat(n1, $4);
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = arg_concat($1, $4);
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = mrhs_add_star(args2mrhs($1), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_SPLAT($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mrhs_add_star(mrhs_new(), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

primary         : literal
                | strings
                | xstring
                | regexp
                | words
                | qwords
                | var_ref
                | backref
                | tFID
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_FCALL($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = method_arg(dispatch1(fcall, $1), arg_new());
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_begin
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($3 == NULL) {
                            $$ = NEW_NIL();
                        }
                        else {
                            if (nd_type($3) == NODE_RESCUE ||
                                nd_type($3) == NODE_ENSURE)
                                nd_set_line($3, $<num>2);
                            $$ = NEW_BEGIN($3);
                        }
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(begin, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLPAREN_ARG expr {lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;} rparen
                    {
                        rb_warning0("(...) interpreted as grouped expression");
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLPAREN compstmt ')'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_COLON2($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(const_path_ref, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCOLON3 tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_COLON3($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(top_const_ref, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLBRACK aref_args ']'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($2 == 0) {
                            $$ = NEW_ZARRAY(); /* zero length array*/
                        }
                        else {
                            $$ = $2;
                        }
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(array, escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLBRACE assoc_list '}'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_HASH($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(hash, escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_return
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_RETURN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(return0);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_yield '(' call_args rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_yield($3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(yield, dispatch1(paren, $3));
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_yield '(' rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, Qfalse);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(yield, dispatch1(paren, arg_new()));
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_yield
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_YIELD(0, Qfalse);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(yield0);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_defined opt_nl '(' {in_defined = 1;} expr rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        in_defined = 0;
                        $$ = NEW_DEFINED($5);
                    /*%
                        in_defined = 0;
                        $$ = dispatch1(defined, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_not '(' expr rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op(cond($3), '!');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("not"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_not '(' rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = call_uni_op(cond(NEW_NIL()), '!');
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("not"), Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | operation brace_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $2->nd_iter = NEW_FCALL($1, 0);
                        $$ = $2;
                        fixpos($2->nd_iter, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = method_arg(dispatch1(fcall, $1), arg_new());
                        $$ = method_add_block($$, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | method_call
                | method_call brace_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        block_dup_check($1->nd_args, $2);
                        $2->nd_iter = $1;
                        $$ = $2;
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = method_add_block($1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLAMBDA lambda
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                | k_if expr_value then
                  compstmt
                  if_tail
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_IF(cond($2), $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(if, $2, $4, escape_Qundef($5));
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_unless expr_value then
                  compstmt
                  opt_else
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_UNLESS(cond($2), $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(unless, $2, $4, escape_Qundef($5));
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_while {COND_PUSH(1);} expr_value do {COND_POP();}
                  compstmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_WHILE(cond($3), $6, 1);
                        fixpos($$, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(while, $3, $6);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_until {COND_PUSH(1);} expr_value do {COND_POP();}
                  compstmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_UNTIL(cond($3), $6, 1);
                        fixpos($$, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(until, $3, $6);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_case expr_value opt_terms
                  case_body
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CASE($2, $4);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(case, $2, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_case opt_terms case_body k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CASE(0, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(case, Qnil, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_for for_var keyword_in
                  {COND_PUSH(1);}
                  expr_value do
                  {COND_POP();}
                  compstmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        /*
                         *  for a, b, c in e
                         *  #=>
                         *  e.each{|*x| a, b, c = x
                         *
                         *  for a in e
                         *  #=>
                         *  e.each{|x| a, = x}
                         */
                        ID id = internal_id();
                        ID *tbl = ALLOC_N(ID, 2);
                        NODE *m = NEW_ARGS_AUX(0, 0);
                        NODE *args, *scope;

                        if (nd_type($2) == NODE_MASGN) {
                            /* if args.length == 1 && args[0].kind_of?(Array)
                             *   args = args[0]
                             * end
                             */
                            NODE *one = NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(INT2FIX(1)));
                            NODE *zero = NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(INT2FIX(0)));
                            m->nd_next = block_append(
                                NEW_IF(
                                    NEW_NODE(NODE_AND,
                                             NEW_CALL(NEW_CALL(NEW_DVAR(id), rb_intern("length"), 0),
                                                      rb_intern("=="), one),
                                             NEW_CALL(NEW_CALL(NEW_DVAR(id), rb_intern("[]"), zero),
                                                      rb_intern("kind_of?"), NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(rb_cArray))),
                                             0),
                                    NEW_DASGN_CURR(id,
                                                   NEW_CALL(NEW_DVAR(id), rb_intern("[]"), zero)),
                                    0),
                                node_assign($2, NEW_DVAR(id)));

                            args = new_args(m, 0, id, 0, 0);
                        }
                        else {
                            if (nd_type($2) == NODE_LASGN ||
                                nd_type($2) == NODE_DASGN ||
                                nd_type($2) == NODE_DASGN_CURR) {
                                $2->nd_value = NEW_DVAR(id);
                                m->nd_plen = 1;
                                m->nd_next = $2;
                                args = new_args(m, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                            }
                            else {
                                m->nd_next = node_assign(NEW_MASGN(NEW_LIST($2), 0), NEW_DVAR(id));
                                args = new_args(m, 0, id, 0, 0);
                            }
                        }
                        scope = NEW_NODE(NODE_SCOPE, tbl, $8, args);
                        tbl[0] = 1; tbl[1] = id;
                        $$ = NEW_FOR(0, $5, scope);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(for, $2, $5, $8);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_class cpath superclass
                    {
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("class definition in method body");
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(0);
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CLASS($2, $5, $3);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>4);
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(class, $2, $3, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_class tLSHFT expr
                    {
                        $<num>$ = in_def;
                        in_def = 0;
                    }
                  term
                    {
                        $<num>$ = in_single;
                        in_single = 0;
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(0);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_SCLASS($3, $7);
                        fixpos($$, $3);
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(sclass, $3, $7);
                    %*/
                        in_def = $<num>4;
                        in_single = $<num>6;
                    }
                | k_module cpath
                    {
                        if (in_def || in_single)
                            yyerror("module definition in method body");
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(0);
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MODULE($2, $4);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>3);
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(module, $2, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | k_def fname
                    {
                        $<id>$ = cur_mid;
                        cur_mid = $2;
                        in_def++;
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(0);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  f_arglist
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *body = remove_begin($5);
                        reduce_nodes(&body);
                        $$ = NEW_DEFN($2, $4, body, NOEX_PRIVATE);
                        fixpos($$, $4);
                        fixpos($$->nd_defn, $4);
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(def, $2, $4, $5);
                    %*/
                        in_def--;
                        cur_mid = $<id>3;
                    }
                | k_def singleton dot_or_colon {lex_state = EXPR_FNAME;} fname
                    {
                        in_single++;
                        lex_state = EXPR_END; /* force for args */
                    /*%%%*/
                        local_push(0);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  f_arglist
                  bodystmt
                  k_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *body = remove_begin($8);
                        reduce_nodes(&body);
                        $$ = NEW_DEFS($2, $5, $7, body);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                        fixpos($$->nd_defn, $2);
                        local_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch5(defs, $2, $3, $5, $7, $8);
                    %*/
                        in_single--;
                    }
                | keyword_break
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_BREAK(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(break, arg_new());
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_next
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_NEXT(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(next, arg_new());
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_redo
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_REDO();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(redo);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_retry
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_RETRY();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(retry);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

primary_value   : primary
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        $$ = $1;
                        if (!$$) $$ = NEW_NIL();
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

k_begin         : keyword_begin
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "begin");
#endif
                    }

k_if            : keyword_if
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "if");
#endif
                    }

k_unless        : keyword_unless
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "unless");
#endif
                    }

k_while         : keyword_while
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "while");
#endif
                    }

k_until         : keyword_until
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "until");
#endif
                    }

k_case          : keyword_case
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "case");
#endif
                    }

k_for           : keyword_for
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "for");
#endif
                    }

k_class         : keyword_class
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "class");
#endif
                    }

k_module        : keyword_module
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "module");
#endif
                    }

k_def           : keyword_def
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_push(parser, "def");
#endif
                    }

k_end           : keyword_end
                    {
#ifndef RIPPER
                        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) token_info_pop(parser, "end");  /* POP */
#endif
                    }

then            : term
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    { $$ = Qnil; }
                    %*/
                | keyword_then
                | term keyword_then
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    { $$ = $2; }
                    %*/
                ;

do              : term
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    { $$ = Qnil; }
                    %*/
                | keyword_do_cond
                ;

if_tail         : opt_else
                | keyword_elsif expr_value then
                  compstmt
                  if_tail
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_IF(cond($2), $4, $5);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(elsif, $2, $4, escape_Qundef($5));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

opt_else        : none
                | keyword_else compstmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(else, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

for_var         : lhs
                | mlhs
                ;

f_marg          : f_norm_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = assignable($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLPAREN f_margs rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_marg_list     : f_marg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add(mlhs_new(), $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_marg_list ',' f_marg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_margs         : f_marg_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_marg_list ',' tSTAR f_norm_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, assignable($4, 0));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_marg_list ',' tSTAR f_norm_arg ',' f_marg_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG(assignable($4, 0), $6));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_marg_list ',' tSTAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, -1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_marg_list ',' tSTAR ',' f_marg_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN($1, NEW_POSTARG(-1, $5));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($1, $5);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR f_norm_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, assignable($2, 0));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR f_norm_arg ',' f_marg_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG(assignable($2, 0), $4));
                    /*%
                      #if 0
                      TODO: Check me
                      #endif
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star($2, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, -1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTAR ',' f_marg_list
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_MASGN(0, NEW_POSTARG(-1, $3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = mlhs_add_star(mlhs_new(), Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

block_param     : f_arg ',' f_block_optarg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, $5, 0, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, $5, Qnil, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_block_optarg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, $5, $7, $8);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, $5, $7, escape_Qundef($8));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_block_optarg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, 0, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, Qnil, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_block_optarg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, 0, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, Qnil, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, $3, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, $3, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ','
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, 1, 0, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
                        dispatch1(excessed_comma, $$);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, $3, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, $3, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, 0, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil,Qnil, Qnil, escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_optarg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, $3, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, $3, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_optarg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, $3, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, $3, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_optarg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, 0, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, Qnil, Qnil,escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_optarg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, 0, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, Qnil, $3, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, $1, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, $1, Qnil, escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, $1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, $1, $3, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, 0, 0, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

opt_block_param : none
                | block_param_def
                    {
                        command_start = Qtrue;
                    }
                ;

block_param_def : '|' opt_bv_decl '|'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = blockvar_new(params_new(Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil),
                                          escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | tOROP
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = blockvar_new(params_new(Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil,Qnil),
                                          Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                | '|' block_param opt_bv_decl '|'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = blockvar_new(escape_Qundef($2), escape_Qundef($3));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;


opt_bv_decl     : none
                | ';' bv_decls
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = $2;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

bv_decls        : bvar
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        $$ = rb_ary_new2($1);
                    }
                    %*/
                | bv_decls ',' bvar
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        rb_ary_push($$, $3);
                    }
                    %*/
                ;

bvar            : tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        new_bv($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_bad_arg
                    {
                        $$ = 0;
                    }
                ;

lambda          :   {
                    /*%%%*/
                        dyna_push();
                    /*%
                    %*/
                        $<num>$ = lpar_beg;
                        lpar_beg = ++paren_nest;
                    }
                  f_larglist
                  lambda_body
                    {
                        lpar_beg = $<num>1;
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                        $$->nd_body = NEW_SCOPE($2->nd_head, $3);
                        dyna_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(lambda, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_larglist      : '(' f_args opt_bv_decl rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LAMBDA($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LAMBDA($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

lambda_body     : tLAMBEG compstmt '}'
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                | keyword_do_LAMBDA compstmt keyword_end
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                ;

do_block        : keyword_do_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        dyna_push();
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*% %*/
                    }
                  opt_block_param
                  compstmt
                  keyword_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ITER($3,$4);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>2);
                        dyna_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(do_block, escape_Qundef($3), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

block_call      : command do_block
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (nd_type($1) == NODE_YIELD) {
                            compile_error(PARSER_ARG "block given to yield");
                        }
                        else {
                            block_dup_check($1->nd_args, $2);
                        }    
                        $2->nd_iter = $1;
                        $$ = $2;
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = method_add_block($1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | block_call '.' operation2 opt_paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | block_call tCOLON2 operation2 opt_paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

method_call     : operation paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_FCALL($1, $2);
                        fixpos($$, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = method_arg(dispatch1(fcall, $1), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' operation2 opt_paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation2 paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, $4);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_id2sym('.'), $3);
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 operation3
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, $3, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, $1, ripper_intern("::"), $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '.' paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, rb_intern("call"), $3);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, dispatch1(paren, $1),
                                       ripper_id2sym('.'), rb_intern("call"));
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value tCOLON2 paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CALL($1, rb_intern("call"), $3);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(call, dispatch1(paren, $1),
                                       ripper_id2sym('.'), rb_intern("call"));
                        $$ = method_optarg($$, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_super paren_args
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_SUPER($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(super, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_super
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ZSUPER();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(zsuper);
                    %*/
                    }
                | primary_value '[' opt_call_args rbracket
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($1 && nd_type($1) == NODE_SELF)
                            $$ = NEW_FCALL(tAREF, $3);
                        else
                            $$ = NEW_CALL($1, tAREF, $3);
                        fixpos($$, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(aref, $1, escape_Qundef($3));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

brace_block     : '{'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        dyna_push();
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  opt_block_param
                  compstmt '}'
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ITER($3,$4);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>2);
                        nd_set_line($$->nd_body, $<num>2);
                        nd_set_line($$->nd_body->nd_body, $<num>2);
                        dyna_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(brace_block, escape_Qundef($3), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                | keyword_do
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        dyna_push();
                        $<num>$ = ruby_sourceline;
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                  opt_block_param
                  compstmt keyword_end
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ITER($3,$4);
                        nd_set_line($$, $<num>2);
                        dyna_pop();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(do_block, escape_Qundef($3), $4);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

case_body       : keyword_when args then
                  compstmt
                  cases
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_WHEN($2, $4, $5);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch3(when, $2, $4, escape_Qundef($5));
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

cases           : opt_else
                | case_body
                ;

opt_rescue      : keyword_rescue exc_list exc_var then
                  compstmt
                  opt_rescue
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($3) {
                            $3 = node_assign($3, NEW_ERRINFO());
                            $5 = block_append($3, $5);
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_RESBODY($2, $5, $6);
                        fixpos($$, $2?$2:$5);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch4(rescue,
                                       escape_Qundef($2),
                                       escape_Qundef($3),
                                       escape_Qundef($5),
                                       escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | none
                ;

exc_list        : arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIST($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | mrhs
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!($$ = splat_array($1))) $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | none
                ;

exc_var         : tASSOC lhs
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                | none
                ;

opt_ensure      : keyword_ensure compstmt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(ensure, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | none
                ;

literal         : numeric
                | symbol
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_LIT(ID2SYM($1));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(symbol_literal, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | dsym
                ;

strings         : string
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *node = $1;
                        if (!node) {
                            node = NEW_STR(STR_NEW0());
                        }
                        else {
                            node = evstr2dstr(node);
                        }
                        $$ = node;
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

string          : tCHAR
                | string1
                | string string1
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = literal_concat($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(string_concat, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

string1         : tSTRING_BEG string_contents tSTRING_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(string_literal, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

xstring         : tXSTRING_BEG xstring_contents tSTRING_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *node = $2;
                        if (!node) {
                            node = NEW_XSTR(STR_NEW0());
                        }
                        else {
                            switch (nd_type(node)) {
                              case NODE_STR:
                                nd_set_type(node, NODE_XSTR);
                                break;
                              case NODE_DSTR:
                                nd_set_type(node, NODE_DXSTR);
                                break;
                              default:
                                node = NEW_NODE(NODE_DXSTR, STR_NEW0(), 1, NEW_LIST(node));
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        $$ = node;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(xstring_literal, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

regexp          : tREGEXP_BEG xstring_contents tREGEXP_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        int options = $3;
                        NODE *node = $2;
                        NODE *list;
                        if (!node) {
                            node = NEW_LIT(reg_compile(STR_NEW0(), options));
                        }
                        else switch (nd_type(node)) {
                          case NODE_STR:
                            {
                                VALUE src = node->nd_lit;
                                nd_set_type(node, NODE_LIT);
                                node->nd_lit = reg_compile(src, options);
                            }
                            break;
                          default:
                            node = NEW_NODE(NODE_DSTR, STR_NEW0(), 1, NEW_LIST(node));
                          case NODE_DSTR:
                            if (options & RE_OPTION_ONCE) {
                                nd_set_type(node, NODE_DREGX_ONCE);
                            }
                            else {
                                nd_set_type(node, NODE_DREGX);
                            }
                            node->nd_cflag = options & RE_OPTION_MASK;
                            reg_fragment_check(node->nd_lit, options);
                            for (list = node->nd_next; list; list = list->nd_next) {
                                if (nd_type(list->nd_head) == NODE_STR) {
                                    reg_fragment_check(list->nd_head->nd_lit, options);
                                }
                            }
                            break;
                        }
                        $$ = node;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(regexp_literal, $2, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

words           : tWORDS_BEG ' ' tSTRING_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ZARRAY();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(words_new);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tWORDS_BEG word_list tSTRING_END
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                ;

word_list       : /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(words_new);
                    %*/
                    }
                | word_list word ' '
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append($1, evstr2dstr($2));
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(words_add, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

word            : string_content
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        $$ = dispatch0(word_new);
                        $$ = dispatch2(word_add, $$, $1);
                    }
                    %*/
                | word string_content
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = literal_concat($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(word_add, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

qwords          : tQWORDS_BEG ' ' tSTRING_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_ZARRAY();
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(qwords_new);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tQWORDS_BEG qword_list tSTRING_END
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                ;

qword_list      : /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(qwords_new);
                    %*/
                    }
                | qword_list tSTRING_CONTENT ' '
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(qwords_add, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

string_contents : /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(string_content);
                    %*/
                    }
                | string_contents string_content
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = literal_concat($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(string_add, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

xstring_contents: /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch0(xstring_new);
                    %*/
                    }
                | xstring_contents string_content
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = literal_concat($1, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(xstring_add, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

string_content  : tSTRING_CONTENT
                | tSTRING_DVAR
                    {
                        $<node>$ = lex_strterm;
                        lex_strterm = 0;
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                    }
                  string_dvar
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        lex_strterm = $<node>2;
                        $$ = NEW_EVSTR($3);
                    /*%
                        lex_strterm = $<node>2;
                        $$ = dispatch1(string_dvar, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tSTRING_DBEG
                    {
                        $<node>$ = lex_strterm;
                        lex_strterm = 0;
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                        COND_PUSH(0);
                        CMDARG_PUSH(0);
                    }
                  compstmt '}'
                    {
                        lex_strterm = $<node>2;
                        COND_LEXPOP();
                        CMDARG_LEXPOP();
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($3) $3->flags &= ~NODE_FL_NEWLINE;
                        $$ = new_evstr($3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(string_embexpr, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

string_dvar     : tGVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_GVAR($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_ref, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tIVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_IVAR($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_ref, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = NEW_CVAR($1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_ref, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | backref
                ;

symbol          : tSYMBEG sym
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = dispatch1(symbol, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

sym             : fname
                | tIVAR
                | tGVAR
                | tCVAR
                ;

dsym            : tSYMBEG xstring_contents tSTRING_END
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        if (!($$ = $2)) {
                            $$ = NEW_LIT(ID2SYM(rb_intern("")));
                        }
                        else {
                            VALUE lit;

                            switch (nd_type($$)) {
                              case NODE_DSTR:
                                nd_set_type($$, NODE_DSYM);
                                break;
                              case NODE_STR:
                                lit = $$->nd_lit;
                                $$->nd_lit = ID2SYM(rb_intern_str(lit));
                                nd_set_type($$, NODE_LIT);
                                break;
                              default:
                                $$ = NEW_NODE(NODE_DSYM, STR_NEW0(), 1, NEW_LIST($$));
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                    /*%
                        lex_state = EXPR_END;
                        $$ = dispatch1(dyna_symbol, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

numeric         : tINTEGER
                | tFLOAT
                | tUMINUS_NUM tINTEGER         %prec tLOWEST
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = negate_lit($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("-@"), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tUMINUS_NUM tFLOAT           %prec tLOWEST
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = negate_lit($2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(unary, ripper_intern("-@"), $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

variable        : tIDENTIFIER
                | tIVAR
                | tGVAR
                | tCONSTANT
                | tCVAR
                | keyword_nil {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword_nil);}
                | keyword_self {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword_self);}
                | keyword_true {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword_true);}
                | keyword_false {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword_false);}
                | keyword__FILE__ {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword__FILE__);}
                | keyword__LINE__ {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword__LINE__);}
                | keyword__ENCODING__ {ifndef_ripper($$ = keyword__ENCODING__);}
                ;

var_ref         : variable
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!($$ = gettable($1))) $$ = NEW_BEGIN(0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_ref, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

var_lhs         : variable
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = assignable($1, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(var_field, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

backref         : tNTH_REF
                | tBACK_REF
                ;

superclass      : term
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = Qnil;
                    %*/
                    }
                | '<'
                    {
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                    }
                  expr_value term
                    {
                        $$ = $3;
                    }
                | error term
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerrok;
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        yyerrok;
                        $$ = Qnil;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_arglist       : '(' f_args rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $2;
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                        command_start = Qtrue;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(paren, $2);
                        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                        command_start = Qtrue;
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_args term
                    {
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                ;

f_args          : f_arg ',' f_optarg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, $5, 0, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, $5, Qnil, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_optarg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, $5, $7, $8);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, $5, $7, escape_Qundef($8));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_optarg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, 0, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, Qnil, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_optarg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, $3, 0, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, $3, Qnil, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, $3, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, $3, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, $3, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, $3, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args($1, 0, 0, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new($1, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil,escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_optarg ',' f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, $3, 0, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, $3, Qnil, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_optarg ',' f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, $3, $5, $6);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, $3, $5, escape_Qundef($6));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_optarg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, 0, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, Qnil, Qnil,escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_optarg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, $1, 0, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, $1, Qnil, $3, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_rest_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, $1, 0, $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, $1, Qnil,escape_Qundef($2));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_rest_arg ',' f_arg opt_f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, $1, $3, $4);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, $1, $3, escape_Qundef($4));
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, 0, 0, $1);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = new_args(0, 0, 0, 0, 0);
                    /*%
                        $$ = params_new(Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil, Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_bad_arg       : tCONSTANT
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("formal argument cannot be a constant");
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(param_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tIVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("formal argument cannot be an instance variable");
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(param_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tGVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("formal argument cannot be a global variable");
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(param_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tCVAR
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        yyerror("formal argument cannot be a class variable");
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(param_error, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_norm_arg      : f_bad_arg
                | tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!is_local_id($1))
                            yyerror("formal argument must be local variable");
                        shadowing_lvar($1);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    }
                ;

f_arg_item      : f_norm_arg
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        arg_var($1);
                        $$ = NEW_ARGS_AUX($1, 1);
                    /*%
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLPAREN f_margs rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        ID tid = internal_id();
                        arg_var(tid);
                        if (dyna_in_block()) {
                            $2->nd_value = NEW_DVAR(tid);
                        }
                        else {
                            $2->nd_value = NEW_LVAR(tid);
                        }
                        $$ = NEW_ARGS_AUX(tid, 1);
                        $$->nd_next = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(mlhs_paren, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_arg           : f_arg_item
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    }
                    c%*/
                | f_arg ',' f_arg_item
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $1;
                        $$->nd_plen++;
                        $$->nd_next = block_append($$->nd_next, $3->nd_next);
                        rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)$3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_push($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_opt           : tIDENTIFIER '=' arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!is_local_id($1))
                            yyerror("formal argument must be local variable");
                        shadowing_lvar($1);
                        arg_var($1);
                        $$ = NEW_OPT_ARG(0, assignable($1, $3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_assoc_new($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_block_opt     : tIDENTIFIER '=' primary_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!is_local_id($1))
                            yyerror("formal argument must be local variable");
                        shadowing_lvar($1);
                        arg_var($1);
                        $$ = NEW_OPT_ARG(0, assignable($1, $3));
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_assoc_new($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_block_optarg  : f_block_opt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_block_optarg ',' f_block_opt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *opts = $1;

                        while (opts->nd_next) {
                            opts = opts->nd_next;
                        }
                        opts->nd_next = $3;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_push($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

f_optarg        : f_opt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                | f_optarg ',' f_opt
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        NODE *opts = $1;

                        while (opts->nd_next) {
                            opts = opts->nd_next;
                        }
                        opts->nd_next = $3;
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_push($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

restarg_mark    : '*'
                | tSTAR
                ;

f_rest_arg      : restarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!is_local_id($2))
                            yyerror("rest argument must be local variable");
                        shadowing_lvar($2);
                        arg_var($2);
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(rest_param, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                | restarg_mark
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = internal_id();
                        arg_var($$);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(rest_param, Qnil);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

blkarg_mark     : '&'
                | tAMPER
                ;

f_block_arg     : blkarg_mark tIDENTIFIER
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if (!is_local_id($2))
                            yyerror("block argument must be local variable");
                        else if (!dyna_in_block() && local_id($2))
                            yyerror("duplicated block argument name");
                        shadowing_lvar($2);
                        arg_var($2);
                        $$ = $2;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(blockarg, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

opt_f_block_arg : ',' f_block_arg
                    {
                        $$ = $2;
                    }
                | none
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = Qundef;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

singleton       : var_ref
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        value_expr($1);
                        $$ = $1;
                        if (!$$) $$ = NEW_NIL();
                    /*%
                        $$ = $1;
                    %*/
                    }
                | '(' {lex_state = EXPR_BEG;} expr rparen
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        if ($3 == 0) {
                            yyerror("can't define singleton method for ().");
                        }
                        else {
                            switch (nd_type($3)) {
                              case NODE_STR:
                              case NODE_DSTR:
                              case NODE_XSTR:
                              case NODE_DXSTR:
                              case NODE_DREGX:
                              case NODE_LIT:
                              case NODE_ARRAY:
                              case NODE_ZARRAY:
                                yyerror("can't define singleton method for literals");
                              default:
                                value_expr($3);
                                break;
                            }
                        }
                        $$ = $3;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(paren, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

assoc_list      : none
                | assocs trailer
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = $1;
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch1(assoclist_from_args, $1);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

assocs          : assoc
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    {
                        $$ = rb_ary_new3(1, $1);
                    }
                    %*/
                | assocs ',' assoc
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_concat($1, $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = rb_ary_push($1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

assoc           : arg_value tASSOC arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append(NEW_LIST($1), $3);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assoc_new, $1, $3);
                    %*/
                    }
                | tLABEL arg_value
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = list_append(NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(ID2SYM($1))), $2);
                    /*%
                        $$ = dispatch2(assoc_new, $1, $2);
                    %*/
                    }
                ;

operation       : tIDENTIFIER
                | tCONSTANT
                | tFID
                ;

operation2      : tIDENTIFIER
                | tCONSTANT
                | tFID
                | op
                ;

operation3      : tIDENTIFIER
                | tFID
                | op
                ;

dot_or_colon    : '.'
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    { $$ = $<val>1; }
                    %*/
                | tCOLON2
                    /*%c%*/
                    /*%c
                    { $$ = $<val>1; }
                    %*/
                ;

opt_terms       : /* none */
                | terms
                ;

opt_nl          : /* none */
                | '\n'
                ;

rparen          : opt_nl ')'
                ;

rbracket        : opt_nl ']'
                ;

trailer         : /* none */
                | '\n'
                | ','
                ;

term            : ';' {yyerrok;}
                | '\n'
                ;

terms           : term
                | terms ';' {yyerrok;}
                ;

none            : /* none */
                    {
                    /*%%%*/
                        $$ = 0;
                    /*%
                        $$ = Qundef;
                    %*/
                    }
                ;
%%
# undef parser
# undef yylex
# undef yylval
# define yylval  (*((YYSTYPE*)(parser->parser_yylval)))

static int parser_regx_options(struct parser_params*);
static int parser_tokadd_string(struct parser_params*,int,int,int,long*,rb_encoding**);
static void parser_tokaddmbc(struct parser_params *parser, int c, rb_encoding *enc);
static int parser_parse_string(struct parser_params*,NODE*);
static int parser_here_document(struct parser_params*,NODE*);


# define nextc()                   parser_nextc(parser)
# define pushback(c)               parser_pushback(parser, c)
# define newtok()                  parser_newtok(parser)
# define tokspace(n)               parser_tokspace(parser, n)
# define tokadd(c)                 parser_tokadd(parser, c)
# define tok_hex(numlen)           parser_tok_hex(parser, numlen)
# define read_escape(flags,e)      parser_read_escape(parser, flags, e)
# define tokadd_escape(e)          parser_tokadd_escape(parser, e)
# define regx_options()            parser_regx_options(parser)
# define tokadd_string(f,t,p,n,e)  parser_tokadd_string(parser,f,t,p,n,e)
# define parse_string(n)           parser_parse_string(parser,n)
# define tokaddmbc(c, enc)         parser_tokaddmbc(parser, c, enc)
# define here_document(n)          parser_here_document(parser,n)
# define heredoc_identifier()      parser_heredoc_identifier(parser)
# define heredoc_restore(n)        parser_heredoc_restore(parser,n)
# define whole_match_p(e,l,i)      parser_whole_match_p(parser,e,l,i)

#ifdef RIPPER
/* FIXME */
# define local_id(x)       1
# define dyna_in_block()   1
#endif /* RIPPER */

#ifndef RIPPER
# define set_yylval_str(x) yylval.node = NEW_STR(x)
# define set_yylval_num(x) yylval.num = x
# define set_yylval_id(x)  yylval.id = x
# define set_yylval_literal(x) yylval.node = NEW_LIT(x)
# define set_yylval_node(x) yylval.node = x
# define yylval_id() yylval.id
#else
# define set_yylval_str(x) (void)(x)
# define set_yylval_num(x) (void)(x)
# define set_yylval_id(x) (void)(x)
# define set_yylval_literal(x) (void)(x)
# define set_yylval_node(x) (void)(x)
# define yylval_id() SYM2ID(yylval.val)
#endif

#ifdef RIPPER
#define ripper_flush(p) (p->tokp = p->parser_lex_p)

static void
ripper_dispatch_scan_event(struct parser_params *parser, int t)
{
    VALUE str;

    if (lex_p < parser->tokp) rb_raise(rb_eRuntimeError, "lex_p < tokp");
    if (lex_p == parser->tokp) return;
    str = STR_NEW(parser->tokp, lex_p - parser->tokp);
    yylval.val = ripper_dispatch1(parser, ripper_token2eventid(t), str);
    ripper_flush(parser);
}

static void
ripper_dispatch_delayed_token(struct parser_params *parser, int t)
{
    int saved_line = ruby_sourceline;
    const char *saved_tokp = parser->tokp;

    ruby_sourceline = parser->delayed_line;
    parser->tokp = lex_pbeg + parser->delayed_col;
    yylval.val = ripper_dispatch1(parser, ripper_token2eventid(t), parser->delayed);
    parser->delayed = Qnil;
    ruby_sourceline = saved_line;
    parser->tokp = saved_tokp;
}
#endif /* RIPPER */

#include "ruby/regex.h"
#include "ruby/util.h"

/* We remove any previous definition of `SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR',
   since ours (we hope) works properly with all combinations of
   machines, compilers, `char' and `unsigned char' argument types.
   (Per Bothner suggested the basic approach.)  */
#undef SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR
#if __STDC__
# define SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR(c) ((signed char)(c))
#else  /* not __STDC__ */
/* As in Harbison and Steele.  */
# define SIGN_EXTEND_CHAR(c) ((((unsigned char)(c)) ^ 128) - 128)
#endif

#define parser_encoding_name()  (parser->enc->name)
#define parser_mbclen()  mbclen((lex_p-1),lex_pend,parser->enc)
#define parser_precise_mbclen()  rb_enc_precise_mbclen((lex_p-1),lex_pend,parser->enc)
#define is_identchar(p,e,enc) (rb_enc_isalnum(*p,enc) || (*p) == '_' || !ISASCII(*p))
#define parser_is_identchar() (!parser->eofp && is_identchar((lex_p-1),lex_pend,parser->enc))

#define parser_isascii() ISASCII(*(lex_p-1))

#ifndef RIPPER
static int
token_info_get_column(struct parser_params *parser, const char *token)
{
    int column = 1;
    const char *p, *pend = lex_p - strlen(token);
    for (p = lex_pbeg; p < pend; p++) {
        if (*p == '\t') {
            column = (((column - 1) / 8) + 1) * 8;
        }
        column++;
    }
    return column;
}

static int
token_info_has_nonspaces(struct parser_params *parser, const char *token)
{
    const char *p, *pend = lex_p - strlen(token);
    for (p = lex_pbeg; p < pend; p++) {
        if (*p != ' ' && *p != '\t') {
            return 1;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
token_info_push(struct parser_params *parser, const char *token)
{
    token_info *ptinfo;

    if (compile_for_eval) return;
    ptinfo = ALLOC(token_info);
    ptinfo->token = token;
    ptinfo->linenum = ruby_sourceline;
    ptinfo->column = token_info_get_column(parser, token);
    ptinfo->nonspc = token_info_has_nonspaces(parser, token);
    ptinfo->next = parser->parser_token_info;

    parser->parser_token_info = ptinfo;
}

static void
token_info_pop(struct parser_params *parser, const char *token)
{
    int linenum;
    token_info *ptinfo = parser->parser_token_info;

    if (!ptinfo) return;
    parser->parser_token_info = ptinfo->next;
    if (token_info_get_column(parser, token) == ptinfo->column) { /* OK */
        goto finish;
    }
    linenum = ruby_sourceline;
    if (linenum == ptinfo->linenum) { /* SKIP */
        goto finish;
    }
    if (token_info_has_nonspaces(parser, token) || ptinfo->nonspc) { /* SKIP */
        goto finish;
    }
    rb_compile_warning(ruby_sourcefile, linenum,
               "mismatched indentations at '%s' with '%s' at %d",
               token, ptinfo->token, ptinfo->linenum);

  finish:
    xfree(ptinfo);
}
#endif  /* RIPPER */

static int
parser_yyerror(struct parser_params *parser, const char *msg)
{
#ifndef RIPPER
    const int max_line_margin = 30;
    const char *p, *pe;
    char *buf;
    int len, i;

    compile_error(PARSER_ARG "%s", msg);
    p = lex_p;
    while (lex_pbeg <= p) {
        if (*p == '\n') break;
        p--;
    }
    p++;

    pe = lex_p;
    while (pe < lex_pend) {
        if (*pe == '\n') break;
        pe++;
    }

    len = pe - p;
    if (len > 4) {
        char *p2;
        const char *pre = "", *post = "";

        if (len > max_line_margin * 2 + 10) {
            if (lex_p - p > max_line_margin) {
                p = rb_enc_prev_char(p, lex_p - max_line_margin, pe, rb_enc_get(lex_lastline));
                pre = "...";
            }
            if (pe - lex_p > max_line_margin) {
                pe = rb_enc_prev_char(lex_p, lex_p + max_line_margin, pe, rb_enc_get(lex_lastline));
                post = "...";
            }
            len = pe - p;
        }
        buf = ALLOCA_N(char, len+2);
        MEMCPY(buf, p, char, len);
        buf[len] = '\0';
        rb_compile_error_append("%s%s%s", pre, buf, post);

        i = lex_p - p;
        p2 = buf; pe = buf + len;

        while (p2 < pe) {
            if (*p2 != '\t') *p2 = ' ';
            p2++;
        }
        buf[i] = '^';
        buf[i+1] = '\0';
        rb_compile_error_append("%s%s", pre, buf);
    }
#else
    dispatch1(parse_error, STR_NEW2(msg));
#endif /* !RIPPER */
    return 0;
}

static void parser_prepare(struct parser_params *parser);

#ifndef RIPPER
VALUE ruby_suppress_tracing(VALUE (*func)(VALUE, int), VALUE arg, int always);

static VALUE
debug_lines(const char *f)
{
    if (rb_const_defined_at(rb_cObject, rb_intern("SCRIPT_LINES__"))) {
        VALUE hash = rb_const_get_at(rb_cObject, rb_intern("SCRIPT_LINES__"));
        if (TYPE(hash) == T_HASH) {
            VALUE fname = rb_str_new2(f);
            VALUE lines = rb_ary_new();
            rb_hash_aset(hash, fname, lines);
            return lines;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static VALUE
coverage(const char *f, int n)
{
    extern VALUE rb_get_coverages(void);
    VALUE coverages = rb_get_coverages();
    if (RTEST(coverages) && RBASIC(coverages)->klass == 0) {
        VALUE fname = rb_str_new2(f);
        VALUE lines = rb_ary_new2(n);
        int i;
        RBASIC(lines)->klass = 0;
        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) RARRAY_PTR(lines)[i] = Qnil;
        RARRAY(lines)->as.heap.len = n;
        rb_hash_aset(coverages, fname, lines);
        return lines;
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
e_option_supplied(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    if (strcmp(ruby_sourcefile, "-e") == 0)
        return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

static VALUE
yycompile0(VALUE arg, int tracing)
{
    int n;
    NODE *tree;
    struct parser_params *parser = (struct parser_params *)arg;

    if ((!compile_for_eval || rb_parse_in_main()) && rb_safe_level() == 0) {
        ruby_debug_lines = debug_lines(ruby_sourcefile);
        if (ruby_debug_lines && ruby_sourceline > 0) {
            VALUE str = STR_NEW0();
            n = ruby_sourceline;
            do {
                rb_ary_push(ruby_debug_lines, str);
            } while (--n);
        }

        if (!e_option_supplied(parser)) {
            ruby_coverage = coverage(ruby_sourcefile, ruby_sourceline);
        }
    }

    parser_prepare(parser);
    deferred_nodes = 0;
    n = yyparse((void*)parser);
    ruby_debug_lines = 0;
    ruby_coverage = 0;
    compile_for_eval = 0;

    lex_strterm = 0;
    lex_p = lex_pbeg = lex_pend = 0;
    lex_lastline = lex_nextline = 0;
    if (parser->nerr) {
        return 0;
    }
    tree = ruby_eval_tree;
    if (!tree) {
        tree = NEW_NIL();
    }
    if (ruby_eval_tree_begin) {
        NODE *scope = ruby_eval_tree;

        if (scope) {
            scope->nd_body = NEW_PRELUDE(ruby_eval_tree_begin, scope->nd_body);
        }
        tree = scope;
    }
    else {
        tree = ruby_eval_tree;
    }
    return (VALUE)tree;
}

static NODE*
yycompile(struct parser_params *parser, const char *f, int line)
{
    ruby_sourcefile = ruby_strdup(f);
    ruby_sourceline = line - 1;
    return (NODE *)ruby_suppress_tracing(yycompile0, (VALUE)parser, Qtrue);
}
#endif /* !RIPPER */

static VALUE
lex_get_str(struct parser_params *parser, VALUE s)
{
    char *beg, *end, *pend;

    beg = RSTRING_PTR(s);
    if (lex_gets_ptr) {
        if (RSTRING_LEN(s) == lex_gets_ptr) return Qnil;
        beg += lex_gets_ptr;
    }
    pend = RSTRING_PTR(s) + RSTRING_LEN(s);
    end = beg;
    while (end < pend) {
        if (*end++ == '\n') break;
    }
    lex_gets_ptr = end - RSTRING_PTR(s);
    return rb_enc_str_new(beg, end - beg, rb_enc_get(s));
}

static VALUE
lex_getline(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    VALUE line = (*parser->parser_lex_gets)(parser, parser->parser_lex_input);
#ifndef RIPPER
    if (ruby_debug_lines && !NIL_P(line)) {
        rb_ary_push(ruby_debug_lines, line);
    }
    if (ruby_coverage && !NIL_P(line)) {
        rb_ary_push(ruby_coverage, Qnil);
    }
#endif
    return line;
}

#ifndef RIPPER
NODE*
rb_compile_string(const char *f, VALUE s, int line)
{
    VALUE volatile vparser = rb_parser_new();

    return rb_parser_compile_string(vparser, f, s, line);
}

NODE*
rb_parser_compile_string(volatile VALUE vparser, const char *f, VALUE s, int line)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;
    NODE *node;
    volatile VALUE tmp;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);
    lex_gets = lex_get_str;
    lex_gets_ptr = 0;
    lex_input = s;
    lex_pbeg = lex_p = lex_pend = 0;
    compile_for_eval = rb_parse_in_eval();

    node = yycompile(parser, f, line);
    tmp = vparser; /* prohibit tail call optimization */

    return node;
}

NODE*
rb_compile_cstr(const char *f, const char *s, int len, int line)
{
    return rb_compile_string(f, rb_str_new(s, len), line);
}

NODE*
rb_parser_compile_cstr(volatile VALUE vparser, const char *f, const char *s, int len, int line)
{
    return rb_parser_compile_string(vparser, f, rb_str_new(s, len), line);
}

static VALUE
lex_io_gets(struct parser_params *parser, VALUE io)
{
    return rb_io_gets(io);
}

NODE*
rb_compile_file(const char *f, VALUE file, int start)
{
    VALUE volatile vparser = rb_parser_new();

    return rb_parser_compile_file(vparser, f, file, start);
}

NODE*
rb_parser_compile_file(volatile VALUE vparser, const char *f, VALUE file, int start)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;
    volatile VALUE tmp;
    NODE *node;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);
    lex_gets = lex_io_gets;
    lex_input = file;
    lex_pbeg = lex_p = lex_pend = 0;
    compile_for_eval = rb_parse_in_eval();

    node = yycompile(parser, f, start);
    tmp = vparser; /* prohibit tail call optimization */

    return node;
}
#endif  /* !RIPPER */

#define STR_FUNC_ESCAPE 0x01
#define STR_FUNC_EXPAND 0x02
#define STR_FUNC_REGEXP 0x04
#define STR_FUNC_QWORDS 0x08
#define STR_FUNC_SYMBOL 0x10
#define STR_FUNC_INDENT 0x20

enum string_type {
    str_squote = (0),
    str_dquote = (STR_FUNC_EXPAND),
    str_xquote = (STR_FUNC_EXPAND),
    str_regexp = (STR_FUNC_REGEXP|STR_FUNC_ESCAPE|STR_FUNC_EXPAND),
    str_sword  = (STR_FUNC_QWORDS),
    str_dword  = (STR_FUNC_QWORDS|STR_FUNC_EXPAND),
    str_ssym   = (STR_FUNC_SYMBOL),
    str_dsym   = (STR_FUNC_SYMBOL|STR_FUNC_EXPAND)
};

static VALUE
parser_str_new(const char *p, long n, rb_encoding *enc, int func, rb_encoding *enc0)
{
    VALUE str;

    str = rb_enc_str_new(p, n, enc);
    if (!(func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP) && rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
        if (rb_enc_str_coderange(str) == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
        }
        else if (enc0 == rb_usascii_encoding() && enc != rb_utf8_encoding()) {
            rb_enc_associate(str, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
        }
    }

    return str;
}

#define lex_goto_eol(parser) (parser->parser_lex_p = parser->parser_lex_pend)
#define peek(c) (lex_p < lex_pend && (c) == *lex_p)

static inline int
parser_nextc(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    int c;

    if (lex_p == lex_pend) {
        VALUE v = lex_nextline;
        lex_nextline = 0;
        if (!v) {
            if (parser->eofp)
                return -1;

            if (!lex_input || NIL_P(v = lex_getline(parser))) {
                parser->eofp = Qtrue;
                lex_goto_eol(parser);
                return -1;
            }
        }
        {
#ifdef RIPPER
            if (parser->tokp < lex_pend) {
                if (NIL_P(parser->delayed)) {
                    parser->delayed = rb_str_buf_new(1024);
                    rb_str_buf_cat(parser->delayed,
                                   parser->tokp, lex_pend - parser->tokp);
                    parser->delayed_line = ruby_sourceline;
                    parser->delayed_col = parser->tokp - lex_pbeg;
                }
                else {
                    rb_str_buf_cat(parser->delayed,
                                   parser->tokp, lex_pend - parser->tokp);
                }
            }
#endif
            if (heredoc_end > 0) {
                ruby_sourceline = heredoc_end;
                heredoc_end = 0;
            }
            ruby_sourceline++;
            parser->line_count++;
            lex_pbeg = lex_p = RSTRING_PTR(v);
            lex_pend = lex_p + RSTRING_LEN(v);
#ifdef RIPPER
            ripper_flush(parser);
#endif
            lex_lastline = v;
        }
    }
    c = (unsigned char)*lex_p++;
    if (c == '\r' && peek('\n')) {
        lex_p++;
        c = '\n';
    }

    return c;
}

static void
parser_pushback(struct parser_params *parser, int c)
{
    if (c == -1) return;
    lex_p--;
    if (lex_p > lex_pbeg && lex_p[0] == '\n' && lex_p[-1] == '\r') {
        lex_p--;
    }
}

#define was_bol() (lex_p == lex_pbeg + 1)

#define tokfix() (tokenbuf[tokidx]='\0')
#define tok() tokenbuf
#define toklen() tokidx
#define toklast() (tokidx>0?tokenbuf[tokidx-1]:0)

static char*
parser_newtok(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    tokidx = 0;
    if (!tokenbuf) {
        toksiz = 60;
        tokenbuf = ALLOC_N(char, 60);
    }
    if (toksiz > 4096) {
        toksiz = 60;
        REALLOC_N(tokenbuf, char, 60);
    }
    return tokenbuf;
}

static char *
parser_tokspace(struct parser_params *parser, int n)
{
    tokidx += n;

    if (tokidx >= toksiz) {
        do {toksiz *= 2;} while (toksiz < tokidx);
        REALLOC_N(tokenbuf, char, toksiz);
    }
    return &tokenbuf[tokidx-n];
}

static void
parser_tokadd(struct parser_params *parser, int c)
{
    tokenbuf[tokidx++] = (char)c;
    if (tokidx >= toksiz) {
        toksiz *= 2;
        REALLOC_N(tokenbuf, char, toksiz);
    }
}

static int
parser_tok_hex(struct parser_params *parser, int *numlen)
{
    int c;

    c = scan_hex(lex_p, 2, numlen);
    if (!*numlen) {
        yyerror("invalid hex escape");
        return 0;
    }
    lex_p += *numlen;
    return c;
}

#define tokcopy(n) memcpy(tokspace(n), lex_p - (n), (n))

static int
parser_tokadd_utf8(struct parser_params *parser, rb_encoding **encp,
                   int string_literal, int symbol_literal, int regexp_literal)
{
    /*
     * If string_literal is true, then we allow multiple codepoints
     * in \u{}, and add the codepoints to the current token.
     * Otherwise we're parsing a character literal and return a single
     * codepoint without adding it
     */

    int codepoint;
    int numlen;

    if (regexp_literal) { tokadd('\\'); tokadd('u'); }

    if (peek('{')) {  /* handle \u{...} form */
        do {
            if (regexp_literal) { tokadd(*lex_p); }
            nextc();
            codepoint = scan_hex(lex_p, 6, &numlen);
            if (numlen == 0)  {
                yyerror("invalid Unicode escape");
                return 0;
            }
            if (codepoint > 0x10ffff) {
                yyerror("invalid Unicode codepoint (too large)");
                return 0;
            }
            lex_p += numlen;
            if (regexp_literal) {
                tokcopy(numlen);
            }
            else if (codepoint >= 0x80) {
                *encp = UTF8_ENC();
                if (string_literal) tokaddmbc(codepoint, *encp);
            }
            else if (string_literal) {
                if (codepoint == 0 && symbol_literal) {
                    yyerror("symbol cannot contain '\\u{0}'");
                    return 0;
                }

                tokadd(codepoint);
            }
        } while (string_literal && (peek(' ') || peek('\t')));

        if (!peek('}')) {
            yyerror("unterminated Unicode escape");
            return 0;
        }

        if (regexp_literal) { tokadd('}'); }
        nextc();
    }
    else {                      /* handle \uxxxx form */
        codepoint = scan_hex(lex_p, 4, &numlen);
        if (numlen < 4) {
            yyerror("invalid Unicode escape");
            return 0;
        }
        lex_p += 4;
        if (regexp_literal) {
            tokcopy(4);
        }
        else if (codepoint >= 0x80) {
            *encp = UTF8_ENC();
            if (string_literal) tokaddmbc(codepoint, *encp);
        }
        else if (string_literal) {
            if (codepoint == 0 && symbol_literal) {
                yyerror("symbol cannot contain '\\u0000'");
                return 0;
            }

            tokadd(codepoint);
        }
    }

    return codepoint;
}

#define ESCAPE_CONTROL 1
#define ESCAPE_META    2

static int
parser_read_escape(struct parser_params *parser, int flags,
                   rb_encoding **encp)
{
    int c;
    int numlen;

    switch (c = nextc()) {
      case '\\':        /* Backslash */
        return c;

      case 'n': /* newline */
        return '\n';

      case 't': /* horizontal tab */
        return '\t';

      case 'r': /* carriage-return */
        return '\r';

      case 'f': /* form-feed */
        return '\f';

      case 'v': /* vertical tab */
        return '\13';

      case 'a': /* alarm(bell) */
        return '\007';

      case 'e': /* escape */
        return 033;

      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': /* octal constant */
      case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
        if (flags & (ESCAPE_CONTROL|ESCAPE_META)) goto eof;
        {
            int numlen;

            pushback(c);
            c = scan_oct(lex_p, 3, &numlen);
            lex_p += numlen;
        }
        return c;

      case 'x': /* hex constant */
        if (flags & (ESCAPE_CONTROL|ESCAPE_META)) goto eof;
        c = tok_hex(&numlen);
        if (numlen == 0) return 0;
        return c;

      case 'b': /* backspace */
        return '\010';

      case 's': /* space */
        return ' ';

      case 'M':
        if (flags & ESCAPE_META) goto eof;
        if ((c = nextc()) != '-') {
            pushback(c);
            goto eof;
        }
        if ((c = nextc()) == '\\') {
            return read_escape(flags|ESCAPE_META, encp) | 0x80;
        }
        else if (c == -1 || !ISASCII(c)) goto eof;
        else {
            return ((c & 0xff) | 0x80);
        }

      case 'C':
        if ((c = nextc()) != '-') {
            pushback(c);
            goto eof;
        }
      case 'c':
        if (flags & ESCAPE_CONTROL) goto eof;
        if ((c = nextc())== '\\') {
            c = read_escape(flags|ESCAPE_CONTROL, encp);
        }
        else if (c == '?')
            return 0177;
        else if (c == -1 || !ISASCII(c)) goto eof;
        return c & 0x9f;

      eof:
      case -1:
        yyerror("Invalid escape character syntax");
        return '\0';

      default:
        return c;
    }
}

static void
parser_tokaddmbc(struct parser_params *parser, int c, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    int len = rb_enc_codelen(c, enc);
    rb_enc_mbcput(c, tokspace(len), enc);
}

static int
parser_tokadd_escape(struct parser_params *parser, rb_encoding **encp)
{
    int c;
    int flags = 0;

  first:
    switch (c = nextc()) {
      case '\n':
        return 0;               /* just ignore */

      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': /* octal constant */
      case '4': case '5': case '6': case '7':
        if (flags & (ESCAPE_CONTROL|ESCAPE_META)) goto eof;
        {
            int numlen;
            int oct;

            oct = scan_oct(--lex_p, 3, &numlen);
            if (numlen == 0) goto eof;
            lex_p += numlen;
            tokcopy(numlen + 1);
        }
        return 0;

      case 'x': /* hex constant */
        if (flags & (ESCAPE_CONTROL|ESCAPE_META)) goto eof;
        {
            int numlen;
            int hex;

            hex = tok_hex(&numlen);
            if (numlen == 0) goto eof;
            tokcopy(numlen + 2);
        }
        return 0;

      case 'M':
        if (flags & ESCAPE_META) goto eof;
        if ((c = nextc()) != '-') {
            pushback(c);
            goto eof;
        }
        tokcopy(3);
        flags |= ESCAPE_META;
        goto escaped;

      case 'C':
        if (flags & ESCAPE_CONTROL) goto eof;
        if ((c = nextc()) != '-') {
            pushback(c);
            goto eof;
        }
        tokcopy(3);
        goto escaped;

      case 'c':
        if (flags & ESCAPE_CONTROL) goto eof;
        tokcopy(2);
        flags |= ESCAPE_CONTROL;
      escaped:
        if ((c = nextc()) == '\\') {
            goto first;
        }
        else if (c == -1) goto eof;
        tokadd(c);
        return 0;

      eof:
      case -1:
        yyerror("Invalid escape character syntax");
        return -1;

      default:
        tokadd('\\');
        tokadd(c);
    }
    return 0;
}

extern int rb_char_to_option_kcode(int c, int *option, int *kcode);

static int
parser_regx_options(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    int kcode = 0;
    int options = 0;
    int c, opt, kc;

    newtok();
    while (c = nextc(), ISALPHA(c)) {
        if (c == 'o') {
            options |= RE_OPTION_ONCE;
        }
        else if (rb_char_to_option_kcode(c, &opt, &kc)) {
            options |= opt;
            if (kc >= 0) kcode = c;
        }
        else {
            tokadd(c);
        }
    }
    pushback(c);
    if (toklen()) {
        tokfix();
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "unknown regexp option%s - %s",
                      toklen() > 1 ? "s" : "", tok());
    }
    return options | RE_OPTION_ENCODING(kcode);
}

static void
dispose_string(VALUE str)
{
    /* TODO: should use another API? */
    if (RBASIC(str)->flags & RSTRING_NOEMBED)
        xfree(RSTRING_PTR(str));
    rb_gc_force_recycle(str);
}

static int
parser_tokadd_mbchar(struct parser_params *parser, int c)
{
    int len = parser_precise_mbclen();
    if (!MBCLEN_CHARFOUND_P(len)) {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "invalid multibyte char (%s)", parser_encoding_name());
        return -1;
    }
    tokadd(c);
    lex_p += --len;
    if (len > 0) tokcopy(len);
    return c;
}

#define tokadd_mbchar(c) parser_tokadd_mbchar(parser, c)

static int
parser_tokadd_string(struct parser_params *parser,
                     int func, int term, int paren, long *nest,
                     rb_encoding **encp)
{
    int c;
    int has_nonascii = 0;
    rb_encoding *enc = *encp;
    char *errbuf = 0;
    static const char mixed_msg[] = "%s mixed within %s source";

#define mixed_error(enc1, enc2) if (!errbuf) {  \
        int len = sizeof(mixed_msg) - 4;        \
        len += strlen(rb_enc_name(enc1));       \
        len += strlen(rb_enc_name(enc2));       \
        errbuf = ALLOCA_N(char, len);           \
        snprintf(errbuf, len, mixed_msg,        \
                 rb_enc_name(enc1),             \
                 rb_enc_name(enc2));            \
        yyerror(errbuf);                        \
    }
#define mixed_escape(beg, enc1, enc2) do {      \
        const char *pos = lex_p;                \
        lex_p = beg;                            \
        mixed_error(enc1, enc2);                \
        lex_p = pos;                            \
    } while (0)

    while ((c = nextc()) != -1) {
        if (paren && c == paren) {
            ++*nest;
        }
        else if (c == term) {
            if (!nest || !*nest) {
                pushback(c);
                break;
            }
            --*nest;
        }
        else if ((func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND) && c == '#' && lex_p < lex_pend) {
            int c2 = *lex_p;
            if (c2 == '$' || c2 == '@' || c2 == '{') {
                pushback(c);
                break;
            }
        }
        else if (c == '\\') {
            const char *beg = lex_p - 1;
            c = nextc();
            switch (c) {
              case '\n':
                if (func & STR_FUNC_QWORDS) break;
                if (func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND) continue;
                tokadd('\\');
                break;

              case '\\':
                if (func & STR_FUNC_ESCAPE) tokadd(c);
                break;

              case 'u':
                if ((func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND) == 0) {
                    tokadd('\\');
                    break;
                }
                parser_tokadd_utf8(parser, &enc, 1,
                                   func & STR_FUNC_SYMBOL,
                                   func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP);
                if (has_nonascii && enc != *encp) {
                    mixed_escape(beg, enc, *encp);
                }
                continue;

              default:
                if (func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP) {
                    pushback(c);
                    if ((c = tokadd_escape(&enc)) < 0)
                        return -1;
                    if (has_nonascii && enc != *encp) {
                        mixed_escape(beg, enc, *encp);
                    }
                    continue;
                }
                else if (func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND) {
                    pushback(c);
                    if (func & STR_FUNC_ESCAPE) tokadd('\\');
                    c = read_escape(0, &enc);
                }
                else if ((func & STR_FUNC_QWORDS) && ISSPACE(c)) {
                    /* ignore backslashed spaces in %w */
                }
                else if (c != term && !(paren && c == paren)) {
                    tokadd('\\');
                }
            }
        }
        else if (!parser_isascii()) {
            has_nonascii = 1;
            if (enc != *encp) {
                mixed_error(enc, *encp);
                continue;
            }
            if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return -1;
            continue;
        }
        else if ((func & STR_FUNC_QWORDS) && ISSPACE(c)) {
            pushback(c);
            break;
        }
        if (!c && (func & STR_FUNC_SYMBOL)) {
            func &= ~STR_FUNC_SYMBOL;
            compile_error(PARSER_ARG "symbol cannot contain '\\0'");
            continue;
        }
        if (c & 0x80) {
            has_nonascii = 1;
            if (enc != *encp) {
                mixed_error(enc, *encp);
                continue;
            }
        }
        tokadd(c);
    }
    *encp = enc;
    return c;
}

#define NEW_STRTERM(func, term, paren) \
        rb_node_newnode(NODE_STRTERM, (func), (term) | ((paren) << (CHAR_BIT * 2)), 0)

static int
parser_parse_string(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *quote)
{
    int func = quote->nd_func;
    int term = nd_term(quote);
    int paren = nd_paren(quote);
    int c, space = 0;
    rb_encoding *enc = parser->enc;

    if (func == -1) return tSTRING_END;
    c = nextc();
    if ((func & STR_FUNC_QWORDS) && ISSPACE(c)) {
        do {c = nextc();} while (ISSPACE(c));
        space = 1;
    }
    if (c == term && !quote->nd_nest) {
        if (func & STR_FUNC_QWORDS) {
            quote->nd_func = -1;
            return ' ';
        }
        if (!(func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP)) return tSTRING_END;
        set_yylval_num(regx_options());
        return tREGEXP_END;
    }
    if (space) {
        pushback(c);
        return ' ';
    }
    newtok();
    if ((func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND) && c == '#') {
        switch (c = nextc()) {
          case '$':
          case '@':
            pushback(c);
            return tSTRING_DVAR;
          case '{':
            return tSTRING_DBEG;
        }
        tokadd('#');
    }
    pushback(c);
    if (tokadd_string(func, term, paren, &quote->nd_nest,
                      &enc) == -1) {
        ruby_sourceline = nd_line(quote);
        if (func & STR_FUNC_REGEXP) {
            if (parser->eofp)
                compile_error(PARSER_ARG "unterminated regexp meets end of file");
            return tREGEXP_END;
        }
        else {
            if (parser->eofp)
                compile_error(PARSER_ARG "unterminated string meets end of file");
            return tSTRING_END;
        }
    }

    tokfix();
    set_yylval_str(STR_NEW3(tok(), toklen(), enc, func));
    return tSTRING_CONTENT;
}

static int
parser_heredoc_identifier(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    int c = nextc(), term, func = 0, len;

    if (c == '-') {
        c = nextc();
        func = STR_FUNC_INDENT;
    }
    switch (c) {
      case '\'':
        func |= str_squote; goto quoted;
      case '"':
        func |= str_dquote; goto quoted;
      case '`':
        func |= str_xquote;
      quoted:
        newtok();
        tokadd(func);
        term = c;
        while ((c = nextc()) != -1 && c != term) {
            if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return 0;
        }
        if (c == -1) {
            compile_error(PARSER_ARG "unterminated here document identifier");
            return 0;
        }
        break;

      default:
        if (!parser_is_identchar()) {
            pushback(c);
            if (func & STR_FUNC_INDENT) {
                pushback('-');
            }
            return 0;
        }
        newtok();
        term = '"';
        tokadd(func |= str_dquote);
        do {
            if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return 0;
        } while ((c = nextc()) != -1 && parser_is_identchar());
        pushback(c);
        break;
    }

    tokfix();
#ifdef RIPPER
    ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tHEREDOC_BEG);
#endif
    len = lex_p - lex_pbeg;
    lex_goto_eol(parser);
    lex_strterm = rb_node_newnode(NODE_HEREDOC,
                                  STR_NEW(tok(), toklen()),     /* nd_lit */
                                  len,                          /* nd_nth */
                                  lex_lastline);                /* nd_orig */
    nd_set_line(lex_strterm, ruby_sourceline);
#ifdef RIPPER
    ripper_flush(parser);
#endif
    return term == '`' ? tXSTRING_BEG : tSTRING_BEG;
}

static void
parser_heredoc_restore(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *here)
{
    VALUE line;

#ifdef RIPPER
    if (!NIL_P(parser->delayed))
        ripper_dispatch_delayed_token(parser, tSTRING_CONTENT);
    lex_goto_eol(parser);
    ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tHEREDOC_END);
#endif
    line = here->nd_orig;
    lex_lastline = line;
    lex_pbeg = RSTRING_PTR(line);
    lex_pend = lex_pbeg + RSTRING_LEN(line);
    lex_p = lex_pbeg + here->nd_nth;
    heredoc_end = ruby_sourceline;
    ruby_sourceline = nd_line(here);
    dispose_string(here->nd_lit);
    rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)here);
#ifdef RIPPER
    ripper_flush(parser);
#endif
}

static int
parser_whole_match_p(struct parser_params *parser,
    const char *eos, int len, int indent)
{
    const char *p = lex_pbeg;
    int n;

    if (indent) {
        while (*p && ISSPACE(*p)) p++;
    }
    n= lex_pend - (p + len);
    if (n < 0 || (n > 0 && p[len] != '\n' && p[len] != '\r')) return Qfalse;
    if (strncmp(eos, p, len) == 0) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

static int
parser_here_document(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *here)
{
    int c, func, indent = 0;
    const char *eos, *p, *pend;
    long len;
    VALUE str = 0;

    eos = RSTRING_PTR(here->nd_lit);
    len = RSTRING_LEN(here->nd_lit) - 1;
    indent = (func = *eos++) & STR_FUNC_INDENT;

    if ((c = nextc()) == -1) {
      error:
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "can't find string \"%s\" anywhere before EOF", eos);
      restore:
        heredoc_restore(lex_strterm);
        lex_strterm = 0;
        return 0;
    }
    if (was_bol() && whole_match_p(eos, len, indent)) {
        heredoc_restore(lex_strterm);
        return tSTRING_END;
    }

    if (!(func & STR_FUNC_EXPAND)) {
        do {
            p = RSTRING_PTR(lex_lastline);
            pend = lex_pend;
            if (pend > p) {
                switch (pend[-1]) {
                  case '\n':
                    if (--pend == p || pend[-1] != '\r') {
                        pend++;
                        break;
                    }
                  case '\r':
                    --pend;
                }
            }
            if (str)
                rb_str_cat(str, p, pend - p);
            else
                str = STR_NEW(p, pend - p);
            if (pend < lex_pend) rb_str_cat(str, "\n", 1);
            lex_goto_eol(parser);
            if (nextc() == -1) {
                if (str) dispose_string(str);
                goto error;
            }
        } while (!whole_match_p(eos, len, indent));
    }
    else {
        /*      int mb = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT, *mbp = &mb;*/
        rb_encoding *enc = parser->enc;
        newtok();
        if (c == '#') {
            switch (c = nextc()) {
              case '$':
              case '@':
                pushback(c);
                return tSTRING_DVAR;
              case '{':
                return tSTRING_DBEG;
            }
            tokadd('#');
        }
        do {
            pushback(c);
            if ((c = tokadd_string(func, '\n', 0, NULL, &enc)) == -1) {
                if (parser->eofp) goto error;
                goto restore;
            }
            if (c != '\n') {
                set_yylval_str(STR_NEW3(tok(), toklen(), enc, func));
                return tSTRING_CONTENT;
            }
            tokadd(nextc());
            /*      if (mbp && mb == ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN) mbp = 0;*/
            if ((c = nextc()) == -1) goto error;
        } while (!whole_match_p(eos, len, indent));
        str = STR_NEW3(tok(), toklen(), enc, func);
    }
    heredoc_restore(lex_strterm);
    lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(-1, 0, 0);
    set_yylval_str(str);
    return tSTRING_CONTENT;
}

#include "lex.c"

#ifndef RIPPER
static void
arg_ambiguous_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    rb_warning0("ambiguous first argument; put parentheses or even spaces");
}
#else
static void
arg_ambiguous_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    dispatch0(arg_ambiguous);
}
#endif
#define arg_ambiguous() arg_ambiguous_gen(parser)

static int
lvar_defined_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
#ifndef RIPPER
    return (dyna_in_block() && dvar_defined(id)) || local_id(id);
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}

/* emacsen -*- hack */
static int
parser_encode_length(struct parser_params *parser, const char *name, int len)
{
    int nlen;

    if (len > 5 && name[nlen = len - 5] == '-') {
        if (rb_memcicmp(name + nlen + 1, "unix", 4) == 0)
            return nlen;
    }
    if (len > 4 && name[nlen = len - 5] == '-') {
        if (rb_memcicmp(name + nlen + 1, "dos", 3) == 0)
            return nlen;
        if (rb_memcicmp(name + nlen + 1, "mac", 3) == 0)
            return nlen;
    }
    return len;
}

static void
parser_set_encode(struct parser_params *parser, const char *name)
{
    int idx = rb_enc_find_index(name);
    rb_encoding *enc;

    if (idx < 0) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "unknown encoding name: %s", name);
    }
    enc = rb_enc_from_index(idx);
    if (!rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s is not ASCII compatible", rb_enc_name(enc));
    }
    parser->enc = enc;
}

static int
comment_at_top(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    const char *p = lex_pbeg, *pend = lex_p - 1;
    if (parser->line_count != (parser->has_shebang ? 2 : 1)) return 0;
    while (p < pend) {
        if (!ISSPACE(*p)) return 0;
        p++;
    }
    return 1;
}

#ifndef RIPPER
typedef int (*rb_magic_comment_length_t)(struct parser_params *parser, const char *name, int len);
typedef void (*rb_magic_comment_setter_t)(struct parser_params *parser, const char *name, const char *val);

static void
magic_comment_encoding(struct parser_params *parser, const char *name, const char *val)
{
    if (!comment_at_top(parser)) {
        rb_warning("encoding '%s' is ignored, valid only in the first line except for shebang line.",
                   val);
        return;
    }
    parser_set_encode(parser, val);
}

struct magic_comment {
    const char *name;
    rb_magic_comment_setter_t func;
    rb_magic_comment_length_t length;
};

static const struct magic_comment magic_comments[] = {
    {"coding", magic_comment_encoding, parser_encode_length},
    {"encoding", magic_comment_encoding, parser_encode_length},
};
#endif

static const char *
magic_comment_marker(const char *str, int len)
{
    int i = 2;

    while (i < len) {
        switch (str[i]) {
          case '-':
            if (str[i-1] == '*' && str[i-2] == '-') {
                return str + i + 1;
            }
            i += 2;
            break;
          case '*':
            if (i + 1 >= len) return 0;
            if (str[i+1] != '-') {
                i += 4;
            }
            else if (str[i-1] != '-') {
                i += 2;
            }
            else {
                return str + i + 2;
            }
            break;
          default:
            i += 3;
            break;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

static int
parser_magic_comment(struct parser_params *parser, const char *str, int len)
{
    VALUE name = 0, val = 0;
    const char *beg, *end, *vbeg, *vend;
#define str_copy(_s, _p, _n) ((_s) \
        ? (rb_str_resize((_s), (_n)), \
           MEMCPY(RSTRING_PTR(_s), (_p), char, (_n)), (_s)) \
        : ((_s) = STR_NEW((_p), (_n))))

    if (len <= 7) return Qfalse;
    if (!(beg = magic_comment_marker(str, len))) return Qfalse;
    if (!(end = magic_comment_marker(beg, str + len - beg))) return Qfalse;
    str = beg;
    len = end - beg - 3;

    /* %r"([^\\s\'\":;]+)\\s*:\\s*(\"(?:\\\\.|[^\"])*\"|[^\"\\s;]+)[\\s;]*" */
    while (len > 0) {
#ifndef RIPPER
        const struct magic_comment *p = magic_comments;
#endif
        char *s;
        int i, n = 0;

        for (; len > 0 && *str; str++, --len) {
            switch (*str) {
              case '\'': case '"': case ':': case ';':
                continue;
            }
            if (!ISSPACE(*str)) break;
        }
        for (beg = str; len > 0; str++, --len) {
            switch (*str) {
              case '\'': case '"': case ':': case ';':
                break;
              default:
                if (ISSPACE(*str)) break;
                continue;
            }
            break;
        }
        for (end = str; len > 0 && ISSPACE(*str); str++, --len);
        if (!len) break;
        if (*str != ':') continue;

        do str++; while (--len > 0 && ISSPACE(*str));
        if (!len) break;
        if (*str == '"') {
            for (vbeg = ++str; --len > 0 && *str != '"'; str++) {
                if (*str == '\\') {
                    --len;
                    ++str;
                }
            }
            vend = str;
            if (len) {
                --len;
                ++str;
            }
        }
        else {
            for (vbeg = str; len > 0 && *str != '"' && *str != ';' && !ISSPACE(*str); --len, str++);
            vend = str;
        }
        while (len > 0 && (*str == ';' || ISSPACE(*str))) --len, str++;

        n = end - beg;
        str_copy(name, beg, n);
        s = RSTRING_PTR(name);
        for (i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
            if (*s == '-') *s = '_';
        }
#ifndef RIPPER
        do {
            if (STRNCASECMP(p->name, s, n) == 0) {
                n = vend - vbeg;
                if (p->length) {
                    n = (*p->length)(parser, vbeg, n);
                }
                str_copy(val, vbeg, n);
                (*p->func)(parser, s, RSTRING_PTR(val));
                break;
            }
        } while (++p < magic_comments + sizeof(magic_comments) / sizeof(*p));
#else
        dispatch2(magic_comment, name, val);
#endif
    }

    return Qtrue;
}

static void
set_file_encoding(struct parser_params *parser, const char *str, const char *send)
{
    int sep = 0;
    const char *beg = str;
    VALUE s;

    for (;;) {
        if (send - str <= 6) return;
        switch (str[6]) {
          case 'C': case 'c': str += 6; continue;
          case 'O': case 'o': str += 5; continue;
          case 'D': case 'd': str += 4; continue;
          case 'I': case 'i': str += 3; continue;
          case 'N': case 'n': str += 2; continue;
          case 'G': case 'g': str += 1; continue;
          case '=': case ':':
            sep = 1;
            str += 6;
            break;
          default:
            str += 6;
            if (ISSPACE(*str)) break;
            continue;
        }
        if (STRNCASECMP(str-6, "coding", 6) == 0) break;
    }
    for (;;) {
        do {
            if (++str >= send) return;
        } while (ISSPACE(*str));
        if (sep) break;
        if (*str != '=' && *str != ':') return;
        sep = 1;
        str++;
    }
    beg = str;
    while ((*str == '-' || *str == '_' || ISALNUM(*str)) && ++str < send);
    s = rb_str_new(beg, parser_encode_length(parser, beg, str - beg));
    parser_set_encode(parser, RSTRING_PTR(s));
    rb_str_resize(s, 0);
}

static void
parser_prepare(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    int c = nextc();
    switch (c) {
      case '#':
        if (peek('!')) parser->has_shebang = 1;
        break;
      case 0xef:                /* UTF-8 BOM marker */
        if (lex_pend - lex_p >= 2 &&
            (unsigned char)lex_p[0] == 0xbb &&
            (unsigned char)lex_p[1] == 0xbf) {
            parser->enc = rb_utf8_encoding();
            lex_p += 2;
            lex_pbeg = lex_p;
            return;
        }
        break;
      case EOF:
        return;
    }
    pushback(c);
    parser->enc = rb_enc_get(lex_lastline);
}

#define IS_ARG() (lex_state == EXPR_ARG || lex_state == EXPR_CMDARG)
#define IS_BEG() (lex_state == EXPR_BEG || lex_state == EXPR_MID || lex_state == EXPR_VALUE || lex_state == EXPR_CLASS)

static int
parser_yylex(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    register int c;
    int space_seen = 0;
    int cmd_state;
    enum lex_state_e last_state;
    rb_encoding *enc;
    int mb;
#ifdef RIPPER
    int fallthru = Qfalse;
#endif

    if (lex_strterm) {
        int token;
        if (nd_type(lex_strterm) == NODE_HEREDOC) {
            token = here_document(lex_strterm);
            if (token == tSTRING_END) {
                lex_strterm = 0;
                lex_state = EXPR_END;
            }
        }
        else {
            token = parse_string(lex_strterm);
            if (token == tSTRING_END || token == tREGEXP_END) {
                rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)lex_strterm);
                lex_strterm = 0;
                lex_state = EXPR_END;
            }
        }
        return token;
    }
    cmd_state = command_start;
    command_start = Qfalse;
  retry:
    switch (c = nextc()) {
      case '\0':                /* NUL */
      case '\004':              /* ^D */
      case '\032':              /* ^Z */
      case -1:                  /* end of script. */
        return 0;

        /* white spaces */
      case ' ': case '\t': case '\f': case '\r':
      case '\13': /* '\v' */
        space_seen++;
#ifdef RIPPER
        while ((c = nextc())) {
            switch (c) {
              case ' ': case '\t': case '\f': case '\r':
              case '\13': /* '\v' */
                break;
              default:
                goto outofloop;
            }
        }
      outofloop:
        pushback(c);
        ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tSP);
#endif
        goto retry;

      case '#':         /* it's a comment */
        /* no magic_comment in shebang line */
        if (!parser_magic_comment(parser, lex_p, lex_pend - lex_p)) {
            if (comment_at_top(parser)) {
                set_file_encoding(parser, lex_p, lex_pend);
            }
        }
        lex_p = lex_pend;
#ifdef RIPPER
        ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tCOMMENT);
        fallthru = Qtrue;
#endif
        /* fall through */
      case '\n':
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_BEG:
          case EXPR_FNAME:
          case EXPR_DOT:
          case EXPR_CLASS:
          case EXPR_VALUE:
#ifdef RIPPER
            if (!fallthru) {
                ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tIGNORED_NL);
            }
            fallthru = Qfalse;
#endif
            goto retry;
          default:
            break;
        }
        while ((c = nextc())) {
            switch (c) {
              case ' ': case '\t': case '\f': case '\r':
              case '\13': /* '\v' */
                space_seen++;
                break;
              case '.': {
                  if ((c = nextc()) != '.') {
                      pushback(c);
                      pushback('.');
                      goto retry;
                  }
              }
              default:
                --ruby_sourceline;
                lex_nextline = lex_lastline;
              case -1:          /* EOF no decrement*/
                lex_goto_eol(parser);
#ifdef RIPPER
                if (c != -1) {
                    parser->tokp = lex_p;
                }
#endif
                goto normal_newline;
            }
        }
      normal_newline:
        command_start = Qtrue;
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        return '\n';

      case '*':
        if ((c = nextc()) == '*') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                set_yylval_id(tPOW);
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            c = tPOW;
        }
        else {
            if (c == '=') {
                set_yylval_id('*');
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            if (IS_ARG() && space_seen && !ISSPACE(c)) {
                rb_warning0("`*' interpreted as argument prefix");
                c = tSTAR;
            }
            else if (IS_BEG()) {
                c = tSTAR;
            }
            else {
                c = '*';
            }
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        return c;

      case '!':
        c = nextc();
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            if (c == '@') {
                return '!';
            }
        }
        else {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        }
        if (c == '=') {
            return tNEQ;
        }
        if (c == '~') {
            return tNMATCH;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '!';

      case '=':
        if (was_bol()) {
            /* skip embedded rd document */
            if (strncmp(lex_p, "begin", 5) == 0 && ISSPACE(lex_p[5])) {
#ifdef RIPPER
                int first_p = Qtrue;

                lex_goto_eol(parser);
                ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tEMBDOC_BEG);
#endif
                for (;;) {
                    lex_goto_eol(parser);
#ifdef RIPPER
                    if (!first_p) {
                        ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tEMBDOC);
                    }
                    first_p = Qfalse;
#endif
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c == -1) {
                        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "embedded document meets end of file");
                        return 0;
                    }
                    if (c != '=') continue;
                    if (strncmp(lex_p, "end", 3) == 0 &&
                        (lex_p + 3 == lex_pend || ISSPACE(lex_p[3]))) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                lex_goto_eol(parser);
#ifdef RIPPER
                ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tEMBDOC_END);
#endif
                goto retry;
            }
        }

        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                return tEQQ;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tEQ;
        }
        if (c == '~') {
            return tMATCH;
        }
        else if (c == '>') {
            return tASSOC;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '=';

      case '<':
        c = nextc();
        if (c == '<' &&
            lex_state != EXPR_END &&
            lex_state != EXPR_DOT &&
            lex_state != EXPR_ENDARG &&
            lex_state != EXPR_CLASS &&
            (!IS_ARG() || space_seen)) {
            int token = heredoc_identifier();
            if (token) return token;
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        if (c == '=') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '>') {
                return tCMP;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tLEQ;
        }
        if (c == '<') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                set_yylval_id(tLSHFT);
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tLSHFT;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '<';

      case '>':
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
            return tGEQ;
        }
        if (c == '>') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                set_yylval_id(tRSHFT);
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tRSHFT;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '>';

      case '"':
        lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_dquote, '"', 0);
        return tSTRING_BEG;

      case '`':
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME) {
            lex_state = EXPR_END;
            return c;
        }
        if (lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            if (cmd_state)
                lex_state = EXPR_CMDARG;
            else
                lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            return c;
        }
        lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_xquote, '`', 0);
        return tXSTRING_BEG;

      case '\'':
        lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_squote, '\'', 0);
        return tSTRING_BEG;

      case '?':
        if (lex_state == EXPR_END || lex_state == EXPR_ENDARG) {
            lex_state = EXPR_VALUE;
            return '?';
        }
        c = nextc();
        if (c == -1) {
            compile_error(PARSER_ARG "incomplete character syntax");
            return 0;
        }
        if (rb_enc_isspace(c, parser->enc)) {
            if (!IS_ARG()) {
                int c2 = 0;
                switch (c) {
                  case ' ':
                    c2 = 's';
                    break;
                  case '\n':
                    c2 = 'n';
                    break;
                  case '\t':
                    c2 = 't';
                    break;
                  case '\v':
                    c2 = 'v';
                    break;
                  case '\r':
                    c2 = 'r';
                    break;
                  case '\f':
                    c2 = 'f';
                    break;
                }
                if (c2) {
                    rb_warnI("invalid character syntax; use ?\\%c", c2);
                }
            }
          ternary:
            pushback(c);
            lex_state = EXPR_VALUE;
            return '?';
        }
        newtok();
        enc = parser->enc;
        if (!parser_isascii()) {
            if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return 0;
        }
        else if ((rb_enc_isalnum(c, parser->enc) || c == '_') &&
                 lex_p < lex_pend && is_identchar(lex_p, lex_pend, parser->enc)) {
            goto ternary;
        }
        else if (c == '\\') {
            if (peek('u')) {
                nextc();
                c = parser_tokadd_utf8(parser, &enc, 0, 0, 0);
                if (0x80 <= c) {
                    tokaddmbc(c, enc);
                }
                else {
                    tokadd(c);
                }
            }
            else {
                c = read_escape(0, &enc);
                tokadd(c);
            }
        }
        else {
            tokadd(c);
        }
        tokfix();
        set_yylval_str(STR_NEW3(tok(), toklen(), enc, 0));
        lex_state = EXPR_END;
        return tCHAR;

      case '&':
        if ((c = nextc()) == '&') {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                set_yylval_id(tANDOP);
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tANDOP;
        }
        else if (c == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('&');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        pushback(c);
        if (IS_ARG() && space_seen && !ISSPACE(c)) {
            rb_warning0("`&' interpreted as argument prefix");
            c = tAMPER;
        }
        else if (IS_BEG()) {
            c = tAMPER;
        }
        else {
            c = '&';
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        }
        return c;

      case '|':
        if ((c = nextc()) == '|') {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                set_yylval_id(tOROP);
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tOP_ASGN;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tOROP;
        }
        if (c == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('|');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
        }
        else {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '|';

      case '+':
        c = nextc();
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            if (c == '@') {
                return tUPLUS;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return '+';
        }
        if (c == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('+');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        if (IS_BEG() ||
            (IS_ARG() && space_seen && !ISSPACE(c))) {
            if (IS_ARG()) arg_ambiguous();
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            pushback(c);
            if (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c)) {
                c = '+';
                goto start_num;
            }
            return tUPLUS;
        }
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        pushback(c);
        return '+';

      case '-':
        c = nextc();
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            if (c == '@') {
                return tUMINUS;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return '-';
        }
        if (c == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('-');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        if (c == '>') {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            return tLAMBDA;
        }
        if (IS_BEG() ||
            (IS_ARG() && space_seen && !ISSPACE(c))) {
            if (IS_ARG()) arg_ambiguous();
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            pushback(c);
            if (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c)) {
                return tUMINUS_NUM;
            }
            return tUMINUS;
        }
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        pushback(c);
        return '-';

      case '.':
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        if ((c = nextc()) == '.') {
            if ((c = nextc()) == '.') {
                return tDOT3;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return tDOT2;
        }
        pushback(c);
        if (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c)) {
            yyerror("no .<digit> floating literal anymore; put 0 before dot");
        }
        lex_state = EXPR_DOT;
        return '.';

      start_num:
      case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
      case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
        {
            int is_float, seen_point, seen_e, nondigit;

            is_float = seen_point = seen_e = nondigit = 0;
            lex_state = EXPR_END;
            newtok();
            if (c == '-' || c == '+') {
                tokadd(c);
                c = nextc();
            }
            if (c == '0') {
                int start = toklen();
                c = nextc();
                if (c == 'x' || c == 'X') {
                    /* hexadecimal */
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c != -1 && ISXDIGIT(c)) {
                        do {
                            if (c == '_') {
                                if (nondigit) break;
                                nondigit = c;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (!ISXDIGIT(c)) break;
                            nondigit = 0;
                            tokadd(c);
                        } while ((c = nextc()) != -1);
                    }
                    pushback(c);
                    tokfix();
                    if (toklen() == start) {
                        yyerror("numeric literal without digits");
                    }
                    else if (nondigit) goto trailing_uc;
                    set_yylval_literal(rb_cstr_to_inum(tok(), 16, Qfalse));
                    return tINTEGER;
                }
                if (c == 'b' || c == 'B') {
                    /* binary */
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c == '0' || c == '1') {
                        do {
                            if (c == '_') {
                                if (nondigit) break;
                                nondigit = c;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (c != '0' && c != '1') break;
                            nondigit = 0;
                            tokadd(c);
                        } while ((c = nextc()) != -1);
                    }
                    pushback(c);
                    tokfix();
                    if (toklen() == start) {
                        yyerror("numeric literal without digits");
                    }
                    else if (nondigit) goto trailing_uc;
                    set_yylval_literal(rb_cstr_to_inum(tok(), 2, Qfalse));
                    return tINTEGER;
                }
                if (c == 'd' || c == 'D') {
                    /* decimal */
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c)) {
                        do {
                            if (c == '_') {
                                if (nondigit) break;
                                nondigit = c;
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (!ISDIGIT(c)) break;
                            nondigit = 0;
                            tokadd(c);
                        } while ((c = nextc()) != -1);
                    }
                    pushback(c);
                    tokfix();
                    if (toklen() == start) {
                        yyerror("numeric literal without digits");
                    }
                    else if (nondigit) goto trailing_uc;
                    set_yylval_literal(rb_cstr_to_inum(tok(), 10, Qfalse));
                    return tINTEGER;
                }
                if (c == '_') {
                    /* 0_0 */
                    goto octal_number;
                }
                if (c == 'o' || c == 'O') {
                    /* prefixed octal */
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c == -1 || c == '_' || !ISDIGIT(c)) {
                        yyerror("numeric literal without digits");
                    }
                }
                if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') {
                    /* octal */
                  octal_number:
                    do {
                        if (c == '_') {
                            if (nondigit) break;
                            nondigit = c;
                            continue;
                        }
                        if (c < '0' || c > '9') break;
                        if (c > '7') goto invalid_octal;
                        nondigit = 0;
                        tokadd(c);
                    } while ((c = nextc()) != -1);
                    if (toklen() > start) {
                        pushback(c);
                        tokfix();
                        if (nondigit) goto trailing_uc;
                        set_yylval_literal(rb_cstr_to_inum(tok(), 8, Qfalse));
                        return tINTEGER;
                    }
                    if (nondigit) {
                        pushback(c);
                        goto trailing_uc;
                    }
                }
                if (c > '7' && c <= '9') {
                  invalid_octal:
                    yyerror("Invalid octal digit");
                }
                else if (c == '.' || c == 'e' || c == 'E') {
                    tokadd('0');
                }
                else {
                    pushback(c);
                    set_yylval_literal(INT2FIX(0));
                    return tINTEGER;
                }
            }

            for (;;) {
                switch (c) {
                  case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
                  case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
                    nondigit = 0;
                    tokadd(c);
                    break;

                  case '.':
                    if (nondigit) goto trailing_uc;
                    if (seen_point || seen_e) {
                        goto decode_num;
                    }
                    else {
                        int c0 = nextc();
                        if (c == -1 || !ISDIGIT(c0)) {
                            pushback(c0);
                            goto decode_num;
                        }
                        c = c0;
                    }
                    tokadd('.');
                    tokadd(c);
                    is_float++;
                    seen_point++;
                    nondigit = 0;
                    break;

                  case 'e':
                  case 'E':
                    if (nondigit) {
                        pushback(c);
                        c = nondigit;
                        goto decode_num;
                    }
                    if (seen_e) {
                        goto decode_num;
                    }
                    tokadd(c);
                    seen_e++;
                    is_float++;
                    nondigit = c;
                    c = nextc();
                    if (c != '-' && c != '+') continue;
                    tokadd(c);
                    nondigit = c;
                    break;

                  case '_':     /* `_' in number just ignored */
                    if (nondigit) goto decode_num;
                    nondigit = c;
                    break;

                  default:
                    goto decode_num;
                }
                c = nextc();
            }

          decode_num:
            pushback(c);
            tokfix();
            if (nondigit) {
                char tmp[30];
              trailing_uc:
                sprintf(tmp, "trailing `%c' in number", nondigit);
                yyerror(tmp);
            }
            if (is_float) {
                double d = strtod(tok(), 0);
                if (errno == ERANGE) {
                    rb_warningS("Float %s out of range", tok());
                    errno = 0;
                }
                set_yylval_literal(DBL2NUM(d));
                return tFLOAT;
            }
            set_yylval_literal(rb_cstr_to_inum(tok(), 10, Qfalse));
            return tINTEGER;
        }

      case ')':
      case ']':
        paren_nest--;
      case '}':
        COND_LEXPOP();
        CMDARG_LEXPOP();
        if (c == ')')
            lex_state = EXPR_END;
        else
            lex_state = EXPR_ENDARG;
        return c;

      case ':':
        c = nextc();
        if (c == ':') {
            if (IS_BEG() ||
                lex_state == EXPR_CLASS || (IS_ARG() && space_seen)) {
                lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                return tCOLON3;
            }
            lex_state = EXPR_DOT;
            return tCOLON2;
        }
        if (lex_state == EXPR_END || lex_state == EXPR_ENDARG || (c != -1 && ISSPACE(c))) {
            pushback(c);
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return ':';
        }
        switch (c) {
          case '\'':
            lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_ssym, c, 0);
            break;
          case '"':
            lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_dsym, c, 0);
            break;
          default:
            pushback(c);
            break;
        }
        lex_state = EXPR_FNAME;
        return tSYMBEG;

      case '/':
        if (IS_BEG()) {
            lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_regexp, '/', 0);
            return tREGEXP_BEG;
        }
        if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('/');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        pushback(c);
        if (IS_ARG() && space_seen) {
            if (!ISSPACE(c)) {
                arg_ambiguous();
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_regexp, '/', 0);
                return tREGEXP_BEG;
            }
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        return '/';

      case '^':
        if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('^');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '^';

      case ';':
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        command_start = Qtrue;
        return ';';

      case ',':
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        return ',';

      case '~':
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            if ((c = nextc()) != '@') {
                pushback(c);
            }
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
        }
        else {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        }
        return '~';

      case '(':
        if (IS_BEG()) {
            c = tLPAREN;
        }
        else if (space_seen) {
            if (IS_ARG()) {
                c = tLPAREN_ARG;
            }
        }
        paren_nest++;
        COND_PUSH(0);
        CMDARG_PUSH(0);
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        return c;

      case '[':
        paren_nest++;
        if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME || lex_state == EXPR_DOT) {
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
            if ((c = nextc()) == ']') {
                if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
                    return tASET;
                }
                pushback(c);
                return tAREF;
            }
            pushback(c);
            return '[';
        }
        else if (IS_BEG()) {
            c = tLBRACK;
        }
        else if (IS_ARG() && space_seen) {
            c = tLBRACK;
        }
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        COND_PUSH(0);
        CMDARG_PUSH(0);
        return c;

      case '{':
        if (lpar_beg && lpar_beg == paren_nest) {
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            lpar_beg = 0;
            --paren_nest;
            return tLAMBEG;
        }
        if (IS_ARG() || lex_state == EXPR_END)
            c = '{';          /* block (primary) */
        else if (lex_state == EXPR_ENDARG)
            c = tLBRACE_ARG;  /* block (expr) */
        else
            c = tLBRACE;      /* hash */
        COND_PUSH(0);
        CMDARG_PUSH(0);
        lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
        if (c != tLBRACE) command_start = Qtrue;
        return c;

      case '\\':
        c = nextc();
        if (c == '\n') {
            space_seen = 1;
#ifdef RIPPER
            ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, tSP);
#endif
            goto retry; /* skip \\n */
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '\\';

      case '%':
        if (IS_BEG()) {
            int term;
            int paren;

            c = nextc();
          quotation:
            if (c == -1 || !ISALNUM(c)) {
                term = c;
                c = 'Q';
            }
            else {
                term = nextc();
                if (rb_enc_isalnum(term, parser->enc) || !parser_isascii()) {
                    yyerror("unknown type of %string");
                    return 0;
                }
            }
            if (c == -1 || term == -1) {
                compile_error(PARSER_ARG "unterminated quoted string meets end of file");
                return 0;
            }
            paren = term;
            if (term == '(') term = ')';
            else if (term == '[') term = ']';
            else if (term == '{') term = '}';
            else if (term == '<') term = '>';
            else paren = 0;

            switch (c) {
              case 'Q':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_dquote, term, paren);
                return tSTRING_BEG;

              case 'q':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_squote, term, paren);
                return tSTRING_BEG;

              case 'W':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_dword, term, paren);
                do {c = nextc();} while (ISSPACE(c));
                pushback(c);
                return tWORDS_BEG;

              case 'w':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_sword, term, paren);
                do {c = nextc();} while (ISSPACE(c));
                pushback(c);
                return tQWORDS_BEG;

              case 'x':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_xquote, term, paren);
                return tXSTRING_BEG;

              case 'r':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_regexp, term, paren);
                return tREGEXP_BEG;

              case 's':
                lex_strterm = NEW_STRTERM(str_ssym, term, paren);
                lex_state = EXPR_FNAME;
                return tSYMBEG;

              default:
                yyerror("unknown type of %string");
                return 0;
            }
        }
        if ((c = nextc()) == '=') {
            set_yylval_id('%');
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
            return tOP_ASGN;
        }
        if (IS_ARG() && space_seen && !ISSPACE(c)) {
            goto quotation;
        }
        switch (lex_state) {
          case EXPR_FNAME: case EXPR_DOT:
            lex_state = EXPR_ARG; break;
          default:
            lex_state = EXPR_BEG; break;
        }
        pushback(c);
        return '%';

      case '$':
        last_state = lex_state;
        lex_state = EXPR_END;
        newtok();
        c = nextc();
        switch (c) {
          case '_':             /* $_: last read line string */
            c = nextc();
            if (parser_is_identchar()) {
                tokadd('$');
                tokadd('_');
                break;
            }
            pushback(c);
            c = '_';
            /* fall through */
          case '~':             /* $~: match-data */
          case '*':             /* $*: argv */
          case '$':             /* $$: pid */
          case '?':             /* $?: last status */
          case '!':             /* $!: error string */
          case '@':             /* $@: error position */
          case '/':             /* $/: input record separator */
          case '\\':            /* $\: output record separator */
          case ';':             /* $;: field separator */
          case ',':             /* $,: output field separator */
          case '.':             /* $.: last read line number */
          case '=':             /* $=: ignorecase */
          case ':':             /* $:: load path */
          case '<':             /* $<: reading filename */
          case '>':             /* $>: default output handle */
          case '\"':            /* $": already loaded files */
            tokadd('$');
            tokadd(c);
            tokfix();
            set_yylval_id(rb_intern(tok()));
            return tGVAR;

          case '-':
            tokadd('$');
            tokadd(c);
            c = nextc();
            if (parser_is_identchar()) {
                if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return 0;
            }
            else {
                pushback(c);
            }
          gvar:
            tokfix();
            set_yylval_id(rb_intern(tok()));
            return tGVAR;

          case '&':             /* $&: last match */
          case '`':             /* $`: string before last match */
          case '\'':            /* $': string after last match */
          case '+':             /* $+: string matches last paren. */
            if (last_state == EXPR_FNAME) {
                tokadd('$');
                tokadd(c);
                goto gvar;
            }
            set_yylval_node(NEW_BACK_REF(c));
            return tBACK_REF;

          case '1': case '2': case '3':
          case '4': case '5': case '6':
          case '7': case '8': case '9':
            tokadd('$');
            do {
                tokadd(c);
                c = nextc();
            } while (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c));
            pushback(c);
            if (last_state == EXPR_FNAME) goto gvar;
            tokfix();
            set_yylval_node(NEW_NTH_REF(atoi(tok()+1)));
            return tNTH_REF;

          default:
            if (!parser_is_identchar()) {
                pushback(c);
                return '$';
            }
          case '0':
            tokadd('$');
        }
        break;

      case '@':
        c = nextc();
        newtok();
        tokadd('@');
        if (c == '@') {
            tokadd('@');
            c = nextc();
        }
        if (c != -1 && ISDIGIT(c)) {
            if (tokidx == 1) {
                compile_error(PARSER_ARG "`@%c' is not allowed as an instance variable name", c);
            }
            else {
                compile_error(PARSER_ARG "`@@%c' is not allowed as a class variable name", c);
            }
            return 0;
        }
        if (!parser_is_identchar()) {
            pushback(c);
            return '@';
        }
        break;

      case '_':
        if (was_bol() && whole_match_p("__END__", 7, 0)) {
            ruby__end__seen = 1;
            parser->eofp = Qtrue;
#ifndef RIPPER
            return -1;
#else
            lex_goto_eol(parser);
            ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, k__END__);
            return 0;
#endif
        }
        newtok();
        break;

      default:
        if (!parser_is_identchar()) {
            rb_compile_error(PARSER_ARG  "Invalid char `\\x%02X' in expression", c);
            goto retry;
        }

        newtok();
        break;
    }

    mb = ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT;
    do {
        if (!ISASCII(c)) mb = ENC_CODERANGE_UNKNOWN;
        if (tokadd_mbchar(c) == -1) return 0;
        c = nextc();
    } while (parser_is_identchar());
    switch (tok()[0]) {
      case '@': case '$':
        pushback(c);
        break;
      default:
        if ((c == '!' || c == '?') && !peek('=')) {
            tokadd(c);
        }
        else {
            pushback(c);
        }
    }
    tokfix();

    {
        int result = 0;

        last_state = lex_state;
        switch (tok()[0]) {
          case '$':
            lex_state = EXPR_END;
            result = tGVAR;
            break;
          case '@':
            lex_state = EXPR_END;
            if (tok()[1] == '@')
                result = tCVAR;
            else
                result = tIVAR;
            break;

          default:
            if (toklast() == '!' || toklast() == '?') {
                result = tFID;
            }
            else {
                if (lex_state == EXPR_FNAME) {
                    if ((c = nextc()) == '=' && !peek('~') && !peek('>') &&
                        (!peek('=') || (lex_p + 1 < lex_pend && lex_p[1] == '>'))) {
                        result = tIDENTIFIER;
                        tokadd(c);
                        tokfix();
                    }
                    else {
                        pushback(c);
                    }
                }
                if (result == 0 && ISUPPER(tok()[0])) {
                    result = tCONSTANT;
                }
                else {
                    result = tIDENTIFIER;
                }
            }

            if ((lex_state == EXPR_BEG && !cmd_state) ||
                lex_state == EXPR_ARG ||
                lex_state == EXPR_CMDARG) {
                if (peek(':') && !(lex_p + 1 < lex_pend && lex_p[1] == ':')) {
                    lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                    nextc();
                    set_yylval_id(TOK_INTERN(!ENC_SINGLE(mb)));
                    return tLABEL;
                }
            }
            if (mb == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT && lex_state != EXPR_DOT) {
                const struct kwtable *kw;

                /* See if it is a reserved word.  */
                kw = rb_reserved_word(tok(), toklen());
                if (kw) {
                    enum lex_state_e state = lex_state;
                    lex_state = kw->state;
                    if (state == EXPR_FNAME) {
                        set_yylval_id(rb_intern(kw->name));
                        return kw->id[0];
                    }
                    if (kw->id[0] == keyword_do) {
                        command_start = Qtrue;
                        if (lpar_beg && lpar_beg == paren_nest) {
                            lpar_beg = 0;
                            --paren_nest;
                            return keyword_do_LAMBDA;
                        }
                        if (COND_P()) return keyword_do_cond;
                        if (CMDARG_P() && state != EXPR_CMDARG)
                            return keyword_do_block;
                        if (state == EXPR_ENDARG || state == EXPR_BEG)
                            return keyword_do_block;
                        return keyword_do;
                    }
                    if (state == EXPR_BEG || state == EXPR_VALUE)
                        return kw->id[0];
                    else {
                        if (kw->id[0] != kw->id[1])
                            lex_state = EXPR_BEG;
                        return kw->id[1];
                    }
                }
            }

            if (IS_BEG() ||
                lex_state == EXPR_DOT ||
                IS_ARG()) {
                if (cmd_state) {
                    lex_state = EXPR_CMDARG;
                }
                else {
                    lex_state = EXPR_ARG;
                }
            }
            else {
                lex_state = EXPR_END;
            }
        }
        {
            ID ident = TOK_INTERN(!ENC_SINGLE(mb));

            set_yylval_id(ident);
            if (last_state != EXPR_DOT && is_local_id(ident) && lvar_defined(ident)) {
                lex_state = EXPR_END;
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
}

#if YYPURE
static int
yylex(void *lval, void *p)
#else
yylex(void *p)
#endif
{
    struct parser_params *parser = (struct parser_params*)p;
    int t;

#if YYPURE
    parser->parser_yylval = lval;
    parser->parser_yylval->val = Qundef;
#endif
    t = parser_yylex(parser);
#ifdef RIPPER
    if (!NIL_P(parser->delayed)) {
        ripper_dispatch_delayed_token(parser, t);
        return t;
    }
    if (t != 0)
        ripper_dispatch_scan_event(parser, t);
#endif

    return t;
}

#ifndef RIPPER
static NODE*
node_newnode(struct parser_params *parser, enum node_type type, VALUE a0, VALUE a1, VALUE a2)
{
    NODE *n = (rb_node_newnode)(type, a0, a1, a2);
    nd_set_line(n, ruby_sourceline);
    return n;
}

enum node_type
nodetype(NODE *node)                    /* for debug */
{
    return (enum node_type)nd_type(node);
}

int
nodeline(NODE *node)
{
    return nd_line(node);
}

static NODE*
newline_node(NODE *node)
{
    if (node) {
        node = remove_begin(node);
        node->flags |= NODE_FL_NEWLINE;
    }
    return node;
}

static void
fixpos(NODE *node, NODE *orig)
{
    if (!node) return;
    if (!orig) return;
    if (orig == (NODE*)1) return;
    nd_set_line(node, nd_line(orig));
}

static void
parser_warning(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node, const char *mesg)
{
    rb_compile_warning(ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(node), "%s", mesg);
}
#define parser_warning(node, mesg) parser_warning(parser, node, mesg)

static void
parser_warn(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node, const char *mesg)
{
    rb_compile_warn(ruby_sourcefile, nd_line(node), "%s", mesg);
}
#define parser_warn(node, mesg) parser_warn(parser, node, mesg)

static NODE*
block_append_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *head, NODE *tail)
{
    NODE *end, *h = head, *nd;

    if (tail == 0) return head;

    if (h == 0) return tail;
    switch (nd_type(h)) {
      case NODE_LIT:
      case NODE_STR:
      case NODE_SELF:
      case NODE_TRUE:
      case NODE_FALSE:
      case NODE_NIL:
        parser_warning(h, "unused literal ignored");
        return tail;
      default:
        h = end = NEW_BLOCK(head);
        end->nd_end = end;
        fixpos(end, head);
        head = end;
        break;
      case NODE_BLOCK:
        end = h->nd_end;
        break;
    }

    nd = end->nd_head;
    switch (nd_type(nd)) {
      case NODE_RETURN:
      case NODE_BREAK:
      case NODE_NEXT:
      case NODE_REDO:
      case NODE_RETRY:
        if (RTEST(ruby_verbose)) {
            parser_warning(nd, "statement not reached");
        }
        break;

      default:
        break;
    }

    if (nd_type(tail) != NODE_BLOCK) {
        tail = NEW_BLOCK(tail);
        tail->nd_end = tail;
    }
    end->nd_next = tail;
    h->nd_end = tail->nd_end;
    return head;
}

/* append item to the list */
static NODE*
list_append_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *list, NODE *item)
{
    NODE *last;

    if (list == 0) return NEW_LIST(item);
    if (list->nd_next) {
        last = list->nd_next->nd_end;
    }
    else {
        last = list;
    }

    list->nd_alen += 1;
    last->nd_next = NEW_LIST(item);
    list->nd_next->nd_end = last->nd_next;
    return list;
}

/* concat two lists */
static NODE*
list_concat_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *head, NODE *tail)
{
    NODE *last;

    if (head->nd_next) {
        last = head->nd_next->nd_end;
    }
    else {
        last = head;
    }

    head->nd_alen += tail->nd_alen;
    last->nd_next = tail;
    if (tail->nd_next) {
        head->nd_next->nd_end = tail->nd_next->nd_end;
    }
    else {
        head->nd_next->nd_end = tail;
    }

    return head;
}

static int
literal_concat0(struct parser_params *parser, VALUE head, VALUE tail)
{
    if (!rb_enc_compatible(head, tail)) {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "string literal encodings differ (%s / %s)",
                      rb_enc_name(rb_enc_get(head)),
                      rb_enc_name(rb_enc_get(tail)));
        rb_str_resize(head, 0);
        rb_str_resize(tail, 0);
        return 0;
    }
    rb_str_buf_append(head, tail);
    return 1;
}

/* concat two string literals */
static NODE *
literal_concat_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *head, NODE *tail)
{
    enum node_type htype;

    if (!head) return tail;
    if (!tail) return head;

    htype = nd_type(head);
    if (htype == NODE_EVSTR) {
        NODE *node = NEW_DSTR(STR_NEW0());
        head = list_append(node, head);
    }
    switch (nd_type(tail)) {
      case NODE_STR:
        if (htype == NODE_STR) {
            if (!literal_concat0(parser, head->nd_lit, tail->nd_lit)) {
              error:
                rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)head);
                rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)tail);
                return 0;
            }
            rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)tail);
        }
        else {
            list_append(head, tail);
        }
        break;

      case NODE_DSTR:
        if (htype == NODE_STR) {
            if (!literal_concat0(parser, head->nd_lit, tail->nd_lit))
                goto error;
            tail->nd_lit = head->nd_lit;
            rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)head);
            head = tail;
        }
        else {
            nd_set_type(tail, NODE_ARRAY);
            tail->nd_head = NEW_STR(tail->nd_lit);
            list_concat(head, tail);
        }
        break;

      case NODE_EVSTR:
        if (htype == NODE_STR) {
            nd_set_type(head, NODE_DSTR);
            head->nd_alen = 1;
        }
        list_append(head, tail);
        break;
    }
    return head;
}

static NODE *
evstr2dstr_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_EVSTR) {
        node = list_append(NEW_DSTR(STR_NEW0()), node);
    }
    return node;
}

static NODE *
new_evstr_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    NODE *head = node;

    if (node) {
        switch (nd_type(node)) {
          case NODE_STR: case NODE_DSTR: case NODE_EVSTR:
            return node;
        }
    }
    return NEW_EVSTR(head);
}

static NODE *
call_bin_op_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *recv, ID id, NODE *arg1)
{
    value_expr(recv);
    value_expr(arg1);
    return NEW_CALL(recv, id, NEW_LIST(arg1));
}

static NODE *
call_uni_op_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *recv, ID id)
{
    value_expr(recv);
    return NEW_CALL(recv, id, 0);
}

static NODE*
match_op_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node1, NODE *node2)
{
    value_expr(node1);
    value_expr(node2);
    if (node1) {
        switch (nd_type(node1)) {
          case NODE_DREGX:
          case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
            return NEW_MATCH2(node1, node2);

          case NODE_LIT:
            if (TYPE(node1->nd_lit) == T_REGEXP) {
                return NEW_MATCH2(node1, node2);
            }
        }
    }

    if (node2) {
        switch (nd_type(node2)) {
          case NODE_DREGX:
          case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
            return NEW_MATCH3(node2, node1);

          case NODE_LIT:
            if (TYPE(node2->nd_lit) == T_REGEXP) {
                return NEW_MATCH3(node2, node1);
            }
        }
    }

    return NEW_CALL(node1, tMATCH, NEW_LIST(node2));
}

static NODE*
gettable_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    if (id == keyword_self) {
        return NEW_SELF();
    }
    else if (id == keyword_nil) {
        return NEW_NIL();
    }
    else if (id == keyword_true) {
        return NEW_TRUE();
    }
    else if (id == keyword_false) {
        return NEW_FALSE();
    }
    else if (id == keyword__FILE__) {
        return NEW_STR(rb_external_str_new_with_enc(ruby_sourcefile, strlen(ruby_sourcefile),
                                                    rb_filesystem_encoding()));
    }
    else if (id == keyword__LINE__) {
        return NEW_LIT(INT2FIX(ruby_sourceline));
    }
    else if (id == keyword__ENCODING__) {
        return NEW_LIT(rb_enc_from_encoding(parser->enc));
    }
    else if (is_local_id(id)) {
        if (dyna_in_block() && dvar_defined(id)) return NEW_DVAR(id);
        if (local_id(id)) return NEW_LVAR(id);
        /* method call without arguments */
        return NEW_VCALL(id);
    }
    else if (is_global_id(id)) {
        return NEW_GVAR(id);
    }
    else if (is_instance_id(id)) {
        return NEW_IVAR(id);
    }
    else if (is_const_id(id)) {
        return NEW_CONST(id);
    }
    else if (is_class_id(id)) {
        return NEW_CVAR(id);
    }
    compile_error(PARSER_ARG "identifier %s is not valid to get", rb_id2name(id));
    return 0;
}

static NODE*
assignable_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id, NODE *val)
{
    if (!id) return 0;
    if (id == keyword_self) {
        yyerror("Can't change the value of self");
    }
    else if (id == keyword_nil) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to nil");
    }
    else if (id == keyword_true) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to true");
    }
    else if (id == keyword_false) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to false");
    }
    else if (id == keyword__FILE__) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to __FILE__");
    }
    else if (id == keyword__LINE__) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to __LINE__");
    }
    else if (id == keyword__ENCODING__) {
        yyerror("Can't assign to __ENCODING__");
    }
    else if (is_local_id(id)) {
        if (dyna_in_block()) {
            if (dvar_curr(id)) {
                return NEW_DASGN_CURR(id, val);
            }
            else if (dvar_defined(id)) {
                return NEW_DASGN(id, val);
            }
            else if (local_id(id)) {
                return NEW_LASGN(id, val);
            }
            else{
                dyna_var(id);
                return NEW_DASGN_CURR(id, val);
            }
        }
        else {
            if (!local_id(id)) {
                local_var(id);
            }
            return NEW_LASGN(id, val);
        }
    }
    else if (is_global_id(id)) {
        return NEW_GASGN(id, val);
    }
    else if (is_instance_id(id)) {
        return NEW_IASGN(id, val);
    }
    else if (is_const_id(id)) {
        if (in_def || in_single)
            yyerror("dynamic constant assignment");
        return NEW_CDECL(id, val, 0);
    }
    else if (is_class_id(id)) {
        return NEW_CVASGN(id, val);
    }
    else {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "identifier %s is not valid to set", rb_id2name(id));
    }
    return 0;
}

static void
shadowing_lvar_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID name)
{
    ID uscore;

    CONST_ID(uscore, "_");
    if (uscore == name) return;
    if (dyna_in_block()) {
        if (dvar_curr(name)) {
            yyerror("duplicated argument name");
        }
        else if (dvar_defined(name) || local_id(name)) {
            rb_warningS("shadowing outer local variable - %s", rb_id2name(name));
            vtable_add(lvtbl->vars, name);
        }
    }
    else {
        if (local_id(name)) {
            yyerror("duplicated argument name");
        }
    }
}

static void
new_bv_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID name)
{
    if (!name) return;
    if (!is_local_id(name)) {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "invalid local variable - %s",
                      rb_id2name(name));
        return;
    }
    shadowing_lvar(name);
    dyna_var(name);
}

static NODE *
aryset_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *recv, NODE *idx)
{
    if (recv && nd_type(recv) == NODE_SELF)
        recv = (NODE *)1;
    return NEW_ATTRASGN(recv, tASET, idx);
}

static void
block_dup_check_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node1, NODE *node2)
{
    if (node2 && node1 && nd_type(node1) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "both block arg and actual block given");
    }
}

ID
rb_id_attrset(ID id)
{
    id &= ~ID_SCOPE_MASK;
    id |= ID_ATTRSET;
    return id;
}

static NODE *
attrset_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *recv, ID id)
{
    if (recv && nd_type(recv) == NODE_SELF)
        recv = (NODE *)1;
    return NEW_ATTRASGN(recv, rb_id_attrset(id), 0);
}

static void
rb_backref_error_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    switch (nd_type(node)) {
      case NODE_NTH_REF:
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "Can't set variable $%ld", node->nd_nth);
        break;
      case NODE_BACK_REF:
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "Can't set variable $%c", (int)node->nd_nth);
        break;
    }
}

static NODE *
arg_concat_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node1, NODE *node2)
{
    if (!node2) return node1;
    switch (nd_type(node1)) {
      case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
        node1->nd_iter = arg_concat(node1->nd_iter, node2);
        return node1;
      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
        if (nd_type(node2) != NODE_ARRAY) break;
        node1->nd_body = list_concat(NEW_LIST(node1->nd_body), node2);
        nd_set_type(node1, NODE_ARGSCAT);
        return node1;
      case NODE_ARGSCAT:
        if (nd_type(node2) != NODE_ARRAY ||
            nd_type(node1->nd_body) != NODE_ARRAY) break;
        node1->nd_body = list_concat(node1->nd_body, node2);
        return node1;
    }
    return NEW_ARGSCAT(node1, node2);
}

static NODE *
arg_append_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node1, NODE *node2)
{
    if (!node1) return NEW_LIST(node2);
    switch (nd_type(node1))  {
      case NODE_ARRAY:
        return list_append(node1, node2);
      case NODE_BLOCK_PASS:
        node1->nd_head = arg_append(node1->nd_head, node2);
        return node1;
      case NODE_ARGSPUSH:
        node1->nd_body = list_append(NEW_LIST(node1->nd_body), node2);
        nd_set_type(node1, NODE_ARGSCAT);
        return node1;
    }
    return NEW_ARGSPUSH(node1, node2);
}

static NODE *
splat_array(NODE* node)
{
    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_SPLAT) node = node->nd_head;
    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ARRAY) return node;
    return 0;
}

static NODE *
node_assign_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *lhs, NODE *rhs)
{
    if (!lhs) return 0;

    switch (nd_type(lhs)) {
      case NODE_GASGN:
      case NODE_IASGN:
      case NODE_IASGN2:
      case NODE_LASGN:
      case NODE_DASGN:
      case NODE_DASGN_CURR:
      case NODE_MASGN:
      case NODE_CDECL:
      case NODE_CVASGN:
        lhs->nd_value = rhs;
        break;

      case NODE_ATTRASGN:
      case NODE_CALL:
        lhs->nd_args = arg_append(lhs->nd_args, rhs);
        break;

      default:
        /* should not happen */
        break;
    }

    return lhs;
}

static int
value_expr_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    int cond = 0;

    if (!node) {
        rb_warning0("empty expression");
    }
    while (node) {
        switch (nd_type(node)) {
          case NODE_DEFN:
          case NODE_DEFS:
            parser_warning(node, "void value expression");
            return Qfalse;

          case NODE_RETURN:
          case NODE_BREAK:
          case NODE_NEXT:
          case NODE_REDO:
          case NODE_RETRY:
            if (!cond) yyerror("void value expression");
            /* or "control never reach"? */
            return Qfalse;

          case NODE_BLOCK:
            while (node->nd_next) {
                node = node->nd_next;
            }
            node = node->nd_head;
            break;

          case NODE_BEGIN:
            node = node->nd_body;
            break;

          case NODE_IF:
            if (!node->nd_body) {
                node = node->nd_else;
                break;
            }
            else if (!node->nd_else) {
                node = node->nd_body;
                break;
            }
            if (!value_expr(node->nd_body)) return Qfalse;
            node = node->nd_else;
            break;

          case NODE_AND:
          case NODE_OR:
            cond = 1;
            node = node->nd_2nd;
            break;

          default:
            return Qtrue;
        }
    }

    return Qtrue;
}

static void
void_expr_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    const char *useless = 0;

    if (!RTEST(ruby_verbose)) return;

    if (!node) return;
    switch (nd_type(node)) {
      case NODE_CALL:
        switch (node->nd_mid) {
          case '+':
          case '-':
          case '*':
          case '/':
          case '%':
          case tPOW:
          case tUPLUS:
          case tUMINUS:
          case '|':
          case '^':
          case '&':
          case tCMP:
          case '>':
          case tGEQ:
          case '<':
          case tLEQ:
          case tEQ:
          case tNEQ:
            useless = rb_id2name(node->nd_mid);
            break;
        }
        break;

      case NODE_LVAR:
      case NODE_DVAR:
      case NODE_GVAR:
      case NODE_IVAR:
      case NODE_CVAR:
      case NODE_NTH_REF:
      case NODE_BACK_REF:
        useless = "a variable";
        break;
      case NODE_CONST:
        useless = "a constant";
        break;
      case NODE_LIT:
      case NODE_STR:
      case NODE_DSTR:
      case NODE_DREGX:
      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
        useless = "a literal";
        break;
      case NODE_COLON2:
      case NODE_COLON3:
        useless = "::";
        break;
      case NODE_DOT2:
        useless = "..";
        break;
      case NODE_DOT3:
        useless = "...";
        break;
      case NODE_SELF:
        useless = "self";
        break;
      case NODE_NIL:
        useless = "nil";
        break;
      case NODE_TRUE:
        useless = "true";
        break;
      case NODE_FALSE:
        useless = "false";
        break;
      case NODE_DEFINED:
        useless = "defined?";
        break;
    }

    if (useless) {
        int line = ruby_sourceline;

        ruby_sourceline = nd_line(node);
        rb_warnS("useless use of %s in void context", useless);
        ruby_sourceline = line;
    }
}

static void
void_stmts_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (!RTEST(ruby_verbose)) return;
    if (!node) return;
    if (nd_type(node) != NODE_BLOCK) return;

    for (;;) {
        if (!node->nd_next) return;
        void_expr0(node->nd_head);
        node = node->nd_next;
    }
}

static NODE *
remove_begin(NODE *node)
{
    NODE **n = &node, *n1 = node;
    while (n1 && nd_type(n1) == NODE_BEGIN && n1->nd_body) {
        *n = n1 = n1->nd_body;
    }
    return node;
}

static void
reduce_nodes_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE **body)
{
    NODE *node = *body;

    if (!node) {
        *body = NEW_NIL();
        return;
    }
#define subnodes(n1, n2) \
    ((!node->n1) ? (node->n2 ? (body = &node->n2, 1) : 0) : \
     (!node->n2) ? (body = &node->n1, 1) : \
     (reduce_nodes(&node->n1), body = &node->n2, 1))

    while (node) {
        switch (nd_type(node)) {
          end:
          case NODE_NIL:
            *body = 0;
            return;
          case NODE_RETURN:
            *body = node = node->nd_stts;
            continue;
          case NODE_BEGIN:
            *body = node = node->nd_body;
            continue;
          case NODE_BLOCK:
            body = &node->nd_end->nd_head;
            break;
          case NODE_IF:
            if (subnodes(nd_body, nd_else)) break;
            return;
          case NODE_CASE:
            body = &node->nd_body;
            break;
          case NODE_WHEN:
            if (!subnodes(nd_body, nd_next)) goto end;
            break;
          case NODE_ENSURE:
            if (!subnodes(nd_head, nd_resq)) goto end;
            break;
          case NODE_RESCUE:
            if (!subnodes(nd_head, nd_resq)) goto end;
            break;
          default:
            return;
        }
        node = *body;
    }

#undef subnodes
}

static int
assign_in_cond(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    switch (nd_type(node)) {
      case NODE_MASGN:
        yyerror("multiple assignment in conditional");
        return 1;

      case NODE_LASGN:
      case NODE_DASGN:
      case NODE_GASGN:
      case NODE_IASGN:
        break;

      default:
        return 0;
    }

    switch (nd_type(node->nd_value)) {
      case NODE_LIT:
      case NODE_STR:
      case NODE_NIL:
      case NODE_TRUE:
      case NODE_FALSE:
        /* reports always */
        parser_warn(node->nd_value, "found = in conditional, should be ==");
        return 1;

      case NODE_DSTR:
      case NODE_XSTR:
      case NODE_DXSTR:
      case NODE_EVSTR:
      case NODE_DREGX:
      default:
        break;
    }
    return 1;
}

static void
warn_unless_e_option(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node, const char *str)
{
    if (!e_option_supplied(parser)) parser_warn(node, str);
}

static void
warning_unless_e_option(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node, const char *str)
{
    if (!e_option_supplied(parser)) parser_warning(node, str);
}

static void
fixup_nodes(NODE **rootnode)
{
    NODE *node, *next, *head;

    for (node = *rootnode; node; node = next) {
        enum node_type type;
        VALUE val;

        next = node->nd_next;
        head = node->nd_head;
        rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)node);
        *rootnode = next;
        switch (type = nd_type(head)) {
          case NODE_DOT2:
          case NODE_DOT3:
            val = rb_range_new(head->nd_beg->nd_lit, head->nd_end->nd_lit,
                               type == NODE_DOT3 ? Qtrue : Qfalse);
            rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)head->nd_beg);
            rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)head->nd_end);
            nd_set_type(head, NODE_LIT);
            head->nd_lit = val;
            break;
          default:
            break;
        }
    }
}

static NODE *cond0(struct parser_params*,NODE*);

static NODE*
range_op(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    enum node_type type;

    if (node == 0) return 0;

    type = nd_type(node);
    value_expr(node);
    if (type == NODE_LIT && FIXNUM_P(node->nd_lit)) {
        warn_unless_e_option(parser, node, "integer literal in conditional range");
        return NEW_CALL(node, tEQ, NEW_LIST(NEW_GVAR(rb_intern("$."))));
    }
    return cond0(parser, node);
}

static int
literal_node(NODE *node)
{
    if (!node) return 1;        /* same as NODE_NIL */
    switch (nd_type(node)) {
      case NODE_LIT:
      case NODE_STR:
      case NODE_DSTR:
      case NODE_EVSTR:
      case NODE_DREGX:
      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
      case NODE_DSYM:
        return 2;
      case NODE_TRUE:
      case NODE_FALSE:
      case NODE_NIL:
        return 1;
    }
    return 0;
}

static NODE*
cond0(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (node == 0) return 0;
    assign_in_cond(parser, node);

    switch (nd_type(node)) {
      case NODE_DSTR:
      case NODE_EVSTR:
      case NODE_STR:
        rb_warn0("string literal in condition");
        break;

      case NODE_DREGX:
      case NODE_DREGX_ONCE:
        warning_unless_e_option(parser, node, "regex literal in condition");
        return NEW_MATCH2(node, NEW_GVAR(rb_intern("$_")));

      case NODE_AND:
      case NODE_OR:
        node->nd_1st = cond0(parser, node->nd_1st);
        node->nd_2nd = cond0(parser, node->nd_2nd);
        break;

      case NODE_DOT2:
      case NODE_DOT3:
        node->nd_beg = range_op(parser, node->nd_beg);
        node->nd_end = range_op(parser, node->nd_end);
        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_DOT2) nd_set_type(node,NODE_FLIP2);
        else if (nd_type(node) == NODE_DOT3) nd_set_type(node, NODE_FLIP3);
        if (!e_option_supplied(parser)) {
            int b = literal_node(node->nd_beg);
            int e = literal_node(node->nd_end);
            if ((b == 1 && e == 1) || (b + e >= 2 && RTEST(ruby_verbose))) {
                parser_warn(node, "range literal in condition");
            }
        }
        break;

      case NODE_DSYM:
        parser_warning(node, "literal in condition");
        break;

      case NODE_LIT:
        if (TYPE(node->nd_lit) == T_REGEXP) {
            warn_unless_e_option(parser, node, "regex literal in condition");
            nd_set_type(node, NODE_MATCH);
        }
        else {
            parser_warning(node, "literal in condition");
        }
      default:
        break;
    }
    return node;
}

static NODE*
cond_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (node == 0) return 0;
    return cond0(parser, node);
}

static NODE*
logop_gen(struct parser_params *parser, enum node_type type, NODE *left, NODE *right)
{
    value_expr(left);
    if (left && nd_type(left) == type) {
        NODE *node = left, *second;
        while ((second = node->nd_2nd) != 0 && nd_type(second) == type) {
            node = second;
        }
        node->nd_2nd = NEW_NODE(type, second, right, 0);
        return left;
    }
    return NEW_NODE(type, left, right, 0);
}

static void
no_blockarg(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_BLOCK_PASS) {
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "block argument should not be given");
    }
}

static NODE *
ret_args_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    if (node) {
        no_blockarg(parser, node);
        if (nd_type(node) == NODE_ARRAY) {
            if (node->nd_next == 0) {
                node = node->nd_head;
            }
            else {
                nd_set_type(node, NODE_VALUES);
            }
        }
    }
    return node;
}

static NODE *
new_yield_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *node)
{
    long state = Qtrue;

    if (node) {
        no_blockarg(parser, node);
        if (node && nd_type(node) == NODE_SPLAT) {
            state = Qtrue;
        }
    }
    else {
        state = Qfalse;
    }
    return NEW_YIELD(node, state);
}

static NODE*
negate_lit(NODE *node)
{
    switch (TYPE(node->nd_lit)) {
      case T_FIXNUM:
        node->nd_lit = LONG2FIX(-FIX2LONG(node->nd_lit));
        break;
      case T_BIGNUM:
        node->nd_lit = rb_funcall(node->nd_lit,tUMINUS,0,0);
        break;
      case T_FLOAT:
        RFLOAT(node->nd_lit)->float_value = -RFLOAT_VALUE(node->nd_lit);
        break;
      default:
        break;
    }
    return node;
}

static NODE *
arg_blk_pass(NODE *node1, NODE *node2)
{
    if (node2) {
        node2->nd_head = node1;
        return node2;
    }
    return node1;
}

static NODE*
new_args_gen(struct parser_params *parser, NODE *m, NODE *o, ID r, NODE *p, ID b)
{
    int saved_line = ruby_sourceline;
    NODE *node;
    NODE *i1, *i2 = 0;

    node = NEW_ARGS(m ? m->nd_plen : 0, o);
    i1 = m ? m->nd_next : 0;
    node->nd_next = NEW_ARGS_AUX(r, b);

    if (p) {
        i2 = p->nd_next;
        node->nd_next->nd_next = NEW_ARGS_AUX(p->nd_pid, p->nd_plen);
    }
    else if (i1) {
        node->nd_next->nd_next = NEW_ARGS_AUX(0, 0);
    }
    if (i1 || i2) {
        node->nd_next->nd_next->nd_next = NEW_NODE(NODE_AND, i1, i2, 0);
    }
    ruby_sourceline = saved_line;
    return node;
}

static void
local_push_gen(struct parser_params *parser, int inherit_dvars)
{
    struct local_vars *local;

    local = ALLOC(struct local_vars);
    local->prev = lvtbl;
    local->args = vtable_alloc(0);
    local->vars = vtable_alloc(inherit_dvars ? DVARS_INHERIT : DVARS_TOPSCOPE);
    lvtbl = local;
}

static void
local_pop_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    struct local_vars *local = lvtbl->prev;
    vtable_free(lvtbl->args);
    vtable_free(lvtbl->vars);
    xfree(lvtbl);
    lvtbl = local;
}

static ID*
vtable_tblcpy(ID *buf, const struct vtable *src)
{
    int i, cnt = vtable_size(src);

    if (cnt > 0) {
        buf[0] = cnt;
        for (i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
            buf[i] = src->tbl[i];
        }
        return buf;
    }
    return 0;
}

static ID*
local_tbl_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    int cnt = vtable_size(lvtbl->args) + vtable_size(lvtbl->vars);
    ID *buf;

    if (cnt <= 0) return 0;
    buf = ALLOC_N(ID, cnt + 1);
    vtable_tblcpy(buf+1, lvtbl->args);
    vtable_tblcpy(buf+vtable_size(lvtbl->args)+1, lvtbl->vars);
    buf[0] = cnt;
    return buf;
}

static int
arg_var_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    vtable_add(lvtbl->args, id);
    return vtable_size(lvtbl->args) - 1;
}

static int
local_var_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    vtable_add(lvtbl->vars, id);
    return vtable_size(lvtbl->vars) - 1;
}

static int
local_id_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    struct vtable *vars, *args;

    vars = lvtbl->vars;
    args = lvtbl->args;

    while (vars && POINTER_P(vars->prev)) {
        vars = vars->prev;
        args = args->prev;
    }

    if (vars && vars->prev == DVARS_INHERIT) {
        return rb_local_defined(id);
    }
    else {
        return (vtable_included(args, id) ||
                vtable_included(vars, id));
    }
}

static void
dyna_push_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    lvtbl->args = vtable_alloc(lvtbl->args);
    lvtbl->vars = vtable_alloc(lvtbl->vars);
}

static void
dyna_pop_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    struct vtable *tmp;

    tmp = lvtbl->args;
    lvtbl->args = lvtbl->args->prev;
    vtable_free(tmp);
    tmp = lvtbl->vars;
    lvtbl->vars = lvtbl->vars->prev;
    vtable_free(tmp);
}

static int
dyna_in_block_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    return POINTER_P(lvtbl->vars) && lvtbl->vars->prev != DVARS_TOPSCOPE;
}

static int
dvar_defined_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    struct vtable *vars, *args;

    args = lvtbl->args;
    vars = lvtbl->vars;

    while (POINTER_P(vars)) {
        if (vtable_included(args, id)) {
            return 1;
        }
        if (vtable_included(vars, id)) {
            return 1;
        }
        args = args->prev;
        vars = vars->prev;
    }

    if (vars == DVARS_INHERIT) {
        return rb_dvar_defined(id);
    }

    return 0;
}

static int
dvar_curr_gen(struct parser_params *parser, ID id)
{
    return (vtable_included(lvtbl->args, id) ||
            vtable_included(lvtbl->vars, id));
}

VALUE rb_reg_compile(VALUE str, int options);
VALUE rb_reg_check_preprocess(VALUE);

static void
reg_fragment_setenc_gen(struct parser_params* parser, VALUE str, int options)
{
    int c = RE_OPTION_ENCODING_IDX(options);

    if (c) {
        int opt, idx;
        rb_char_to_option_kcode(c, &opt, &idx);
        if (idx != ENCODING_GET(str) &&
            rb_enc_str_coderange(str) != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
            goto error;
        }
        ENCODING_SET(str, idx);
    }
    else if (RE_OPTION_ENCODING_NONE(options)) {
        if (!ENCODING_IS_ASCII8BIT(str) &&
            rb_enc_str_coderange(str) != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
            c = 'n';
            goto error;
        }
        rb_enc_associate(str, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
    }
    else if (parser->enc == rb_usascii_encoding()) {
        if (rb_enc_str_coderange(str) != ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
            /* raise in re.c */
            rb_enc_associate(str, rb_usascii_encoding());
        }
        else {
            rb_enc_associate(str, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
        }
    }
    return;

  error:
    compile_error(PARSER_ARG
        "regexp encoding option '%c' differs from source encoding '%s'",
        c, rb_enc_name(rb_enc_get(str)));
}

static void
reg_fragment_check_gen(struct parser_params* parser, VALUE str, int options)
{
    VALUE err;
    reg_fragment_setenc_gen(parser, str, options);
    err = rb_reg_check_preprocess(str);
    if (err != Qnil) {
        err = rb_obj_as_string(err);
        compile_error(PARSER_ARG "%s", RSTRING_PTR(err));
        RB_GC_GUARD(err);
    }
}

typedef struct {
    struct parser_params* parser;
    rb_encoding *enc;
    NODE *succ_block;
    NODE *fail_block;
    int num;
} reg_named_capture_assign_t;

static int
reg_named_capture_assign_iter(const OnigUChar *name, const OnigUChar *name_end,
          int back_num, int *back_refs, OnigRegex regex, void *arg0)
{
    reg_named_capture_assign_t *arg = (reg_named_capture_assign_t*)arg0;
    struct parser_params* parser = arg->parser;
    rb_encoding *enc = arg->enc;
    int len = name_end - name;
    const char *s = (const char *)name;
    ID var;

    arg->num++;

    if (arg->succ_block == 0) {
        arg->succ_block = NEW_BEGIN(0);
        arg->fail_block = NEW_BEGIN(0);
    }

    if (!len || (*name != '_' && ISASCII(*name) && !rb_enc_islower(*name, enc)) ||
        rb_reserved_word(s, len) || !rb_enc_symname2_p(s, len, enc)) {
        return ST_CONTINUE;
    }
    var = rb_intern3(s, len, enc);
    if (dvar_defined(var) || local_id(var)) {
        rb_warningS("named capture conflicts a local variable - %s",
                    rb_id2name(var));
    }
    arg->succ_block = block_append(arg->succ_block,
        newline_node(node_assign(assignable(var,0),
            NEW_CALL(
              gettable(rb_intern("$~")),
              idAREF,
              NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(ID2SYM(var))))
            )));
    arg->fail_block = block_append(arg->fail_block,
        newline_node(node_assign(assignable(var,0), NEW_LIT(Qnil))));
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

static NODE *
reg_named_capture_assign_gen(struct parser_params* parser, VALUE regexp, NODE *match)
{
    reg_named_capture_assign_t arg;

    arg.parser = parser;
    arg.enc = rb_enc_get(regexp);
    arg.succ_block = 0;
    arg.fail_block = 0;
    arg.num = 0;
    onig_foreach_name(RREGEXP(regexp)->ptr, reg_named_capture_assign_iter, (void*)&arg);

    if (arg.num == 0)
        return match;

    return
        block_append(
            newline_node(match),
            NEW_IF(gettable(rb_intern("$~")),
                block_append(
                    newline_node(arg.succ_block),
                    newline_node(
                        NEW_CALL(
                          gettable(rb_intern("$~")),
                          rb_intern("begin"),
                          NEW_LIST(NEW_LIT(INT2FIX(0)))))),
                block_append(
                    newline_node(arg.fail_block),
                    newline_node(
                        NEW_LIT(Qnil)))));
}

static VALUE
reg_compile_gen(struct parser_params* parser, VALUE str, int options)
{
    VALUE re;
    VALUE err;

    reg_fragment_setenc(str, options);
    err = rb_errinfo();
    re = rb_reg_compile(str, options & RE_OPTION_MASK);
    if (NIL_P(re)) {
        ID mesg = rb_intern("mesg");
        VALUE m = rb_attr_get(rb_errinfo(), mesg);
        rb_set_errinfo(err);
        if (!NIL_P(err)) {
            rb_str_append(rb_str_cat(rb_attr_get(err, mesg), "\n", 1), m);
        }
        else {
            compile_error(PARSER_ARG "%s", RSTRING_PTR(m));
        }
        return Qnil;
    }
    return re;
}

void
rb_gc_mark_parser(void)
{
}

NODE*
rb_parser_append_print(VALUE vparser, NODE *node)
{
    NODE *prelude = 0;
    NODE *scope = node;
    struct parser_params *parser;

    if (!node) return node;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);

    node = node->nd_body;

    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_PRELUDE) {
        prelude = node;
        node = node->nd_body;
    }

    node = block_append(node,
                        NEW_FCALL(rb_intern("print"),
                                  NEW_ARRAY(NEW_GVAR(rb_intern("$_")))));
    if (prelude) {
        prelude->nd_body = node;
        scope->nd_body = prelude;
    }
    else {
        scope->nd_body = node;
    }

    return scope;
}

NODE *
rb_parser_while_loop(VALUE vparser, NODE *node, int chop, int split)
{
    NODE *prelude = 0;
    NODE *scope = node;
    struct parser_params *parser;

    if (!node) return node;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);

    node = node->nd_body;

    if (nd_type(node) == NODE_PRELUDE) {
        prelude = node;
        node = node->nd_body;
    }
    if (split) {
        node = block_append(NEW_GASGN(rb_intern("$F"),
                                      NEW_CALL(NEW_GVAR(rb_intern("$_")),
                                               rb_intern("split"), 0)),
                            node);
    }
    if (chop) {
        node = block_append(NEW_CALL(NEW_GVAR(rb_intern("$_")),
                                     rb_intern("chop!"), 0), node);
    }

    node = NEW_OPT_N(node);

    if (prelude) {
        prelude->nd_body = node;
        scope->nd_body = prelude;
    }
    else {
        scope->nd_body = node;
    }

    return scope;
}

static const struct {
    ID token;
    const char *name;
} op_tbl[] = {
    {tDOT2,     ".."},
    {tDOT3,     "..."},
    {'+',       "+(binary)"},
    {'-',       "-(binary)"},
    {tPOW,      "**"},
    {tUPLUS,    "+@"},
    {tUMINUS,   "-@"},
    {tCMP,      "<=>"},
    {tGEQ,      ">="},
    {tLEQ,      "<="},
    {tEQ,       "=="},
    {tEQQ,      "==="},
    {tNEQ,      "!="},
    {tMATCH,    "=~"},
    {tNMATCH,   "!~"},
    {tAREF,     "[]"},
    {tASET,     "[]="},
    {tLSHFT,    "<<"},
    {tRSHFT,    ">>"},
    {tCOLON2,   "::"},
};

#define op_tbl_count (sizeof(op_tbl) / sizeof(op_tbl[0]))

static struct symbols {
    ID last_id;
    st_table *sym_id;
    st_table *id_str;
    st_table *ivar2_id;
    st_table *id_ivar2;
    VALUE op_sym[tLAST_TOKEN];
} global_symbols = {tLAST_ID};

static const struct st_hash_type symhash = {
    rb_str_hash_cmp,
    rb_str_hash,
};

struct ivar2_key {
    ID id;
    VALUE klass;
};

static int
ivar2_cmp(struct ivar2_key *key1, struct ivar2_key *key2)
{
    if (key1->id == key2->id && key1->klass == key2->klass) {
        return 0;
    }
    return 1;
}

static int
ivar2_hash(struct ivar2_key *key)
{
    return (key->id << 8) ^ (key->klass >> 2);
}

static const struct st_hash_type ivar2_hash_type = {
    ivar2_cmp,
    ivar2_hash,
};

void
Init_sym(void)
{
    global_symbols.sym_id = st_init_table_with_size(&symhash, 1000);
    global_symbols.id_str = st_init_numtable_with_size(1000);
    global_symbols.ivar2_id = st_init_table_with_size(&ivar2_hash_type, 1000);
    global_symbols.id_ivar2 = st_init_numtable_with_size(1000);

    Init_id();
}

void
rb_gc_mark_symbols(void)
{
    rb_mark_tbl(global_symbols.id_str);
    rb_gc_mark_locations(global_symbols.op_sym,
                         global_symbols.op_sym + tLAST_TOKEN);
}

static ID
internal_id_gen(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    ID id = (ID)vtable_size(lvtbl->args) + (ID)vtable_size(lvtbl->vars);
    id += ((tLAST_TOKEN - ID_INTERNAL) >> ID_SCOPE_SHIFT) + 1;
    return ID_INTERNAL | (id << ID_SCOPE_SHIFT);
}

static int
is_special_global_name(const char *m, const char *e, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    int mb = 0;

    if (m >= e) return 0;
    switch (*m) {
      case '~': case '*': case '$': case '?': case '!': case '@':
      case '/': case '\\': case ';': case ',': case '.': case '=':
      case ':': case '<': case '>': case '\"':
      case '&': case '`': case '\'': case '+':
      case '0':
        ++m;
        break;
      case '-':
        ++m;
        if (m < e && is_identchar(m, e, enc)) {
            if (!ISASCII(*m)) mb = 1;
            m += rb_enc_mbclen(m, e, enc);
        }
        break;
      default:
        if (!rb_enc_isdigit(*m, enc)) return 0;
        do {
            if (!ISASCII(*m)) mb = 1;
            ++m;
        } while (rb_enc_isdigit(*m, enc));
    }
    return m == e ? mb + 1 : 0;
}

int
rb_symname_p(const char *name)
{
    return rb_enc_symname_p(name, rb_ascii8bit_encoding());
}

int
rb_enc_symname_p(const char *name, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    return rb_enc_symname2_p(name, strlen(name), enc);
}

int
rb_enc_symname2_p(const char *name, int len, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const char *m = name;
    const char *e = m + len;
    int localid = Qfalse;

    if (!m) return Qfalse;
    switch (*m) {
      case '\0':
        return Qfalse;

      case '$':
        if (is_special_global_name(++m, e, enc)) return Qtrue;
        goto id;

      case '@':
        if (*++m == '@') ++m;
        goto id;

      case '<':
        switch (*++m) {
          case '<': ++m; break;
          case '=': if (*++m == '>') ++m; break;
          default: break;
        }
        break;

      case '>':
        switch (*++m) {
          case '>': case '=': ++m; break;
        }
        break;

      case '=':
        switch (*++m) {
          case '~': ++m; break;
          case '=': if (*++m == '=') ++m; break;
          default: return Qfalse;
        }
        break;

      case '*':
        if (*++m == '*') ++m;
        break;

      case '+': case '-':
        if (*++m == '@') ++m;
        break;

      case '|': case '^': case '&': case '/': case '%': case '~': case '`':
        ++m;
        break;

      case '[':
        if (*++m != ']') return Qfalse;
        if (*++m == '=') ++m;
        break;

      case '!':
        switch (*++m) {
          case '\0': return Qtrue;
          case '=': case '~': ++m; break;
          default: return Qfalse;
        }
        break;

      default:
        localid = !rb_enc_isupper(*m, enc);
      id:
        if (m >= e || (*m != '_' && !rb_enc_isalpha(*m, enc) && ISASCII(*m)))
            return Qfalse;
        while (m < e && is_identchar(m, e, enc)) m += rb_enc_mbclen(m, e, enc);
        if (localid) {
            switch (*m) {
              case '!': case '?': case '=': ++m;
            }
        }
        break;
    }
    return *m ? Qfalse : Qtrue;
}

static ID
register_symid(ID id, const char *name, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    VALUE str = rb_enc_str_new(name, len, enc);
    OBJ_FREEZE(str);
    st_add_direct(global_symbols.sym_id, (st_data_t)str, id);
    st_add_direct(global_symbols.id_str, id, (st_data_t)str);
    return id;
}

ID
rb_intern3(const char *name, long len, rb_encoding *enc)
{
    const char *m = name;
    const char *e = m + len;
    unsigned char c;
    VALUE str;
    ID id;
    int last;
    int mb;
    struct RString fake_str;
    fake_str.basic.flags = T_STRING|RSTRING_NOEMBED|FL_FREEZE;
    fake_str.basic.klass = rb_cString;
    fake_str.as.heap.len = len;
    fake_str.as.heap.ptr = (char *)name;
    fake_str.as.heap.aux.capa = len;
    str = (VALUE)&fake_str;
    rb_enc_associate(str, enc);

    if (st_lookup(global_symbols.sym_id, str, (st_data_t *)&id))
        return id;

    if (rb_cString && !rb_enc_asciicompat(enc)) {
        id = ID_JUNK;
        goto new_id;
    }
    last = len-1;
    id = 0;
    switch (*m) {
      case '$':
        id |= ID_GLOBAL;
        if ((mb = is_special_global_name(++m, e, enc)) != 0) {
            if (!--mb) enc = rb_ascii8bit_encoding();
            goto new_id;
        }
        break;
      case '@':
        if (m[1] == '@') {
            m++;
            id |= ID_CLASS;
        }
        else {
            id |= ID_INSTANCE;
        }
        m++;
        break;
      default:
        c = m[0];
        if (c != '_' && rb_enc_isascii(c, enc) && rb_enc_ispunct(c, enc)) {
            /* operators */
            int i;

            if (len == 1) {
                id = c;
                goto id_register;
            }
            for (i = 0; i < op_tbl_count; i++) {
                if (*op_tbl[i].name == *m &&
                    strcmp(op_tbl[i].name, m) == 0) {
                    id = op_tbl[i].token;
                    goto id_register;
                }
            }
        }

        if (m[last] == '=') {
            /* attribute assignment */
            id = rb_intern3(name, last, enc);
            if (id > tLAST_TOKEN && !is_attrset_id(id)) {
                enc = rb_enc_get(rb_id2str(id));
                id = rb_id_attrset(id);
                goto id_register;
            }
            id = ID_ATTRSET;
        }
        else if (rb_enc_isupper(m[0], enc)) {
            id = ID_CONST;
        }
        else {
            id = ID_LOCAL;
        }
        break;
    }
    mb = 0;
    if (!rb_enc_isdigit(*m, enc)) {
        while (m <= name + last && is_identchar(m, e, enc)) {
            if (ISASCII(*m)) {
                m++;
            }
            else {
                mb = 1;
                m += rb_enc_mbclen(m, e, enc);
            }
        }
    }
    if (m - name < len) id = ID_JUNK;
    if (enc != rb_usascii_encoding()) {
        /*
         * this clause makes sense only when called from other than
         * rb_intern_str() taking care of code-range.
         */
        if (!mb) {
            for (; m <= name + len; ++m) {
                if (!ISASCII(*m)) goto mbstr;
            }
            enc = rb_usascii_encoding();
        }
      mbstr:;
    }
  new_id:
    id |= ++global_symbols.last_id << ID_SCOPE_SHIFT;
  id_register:
    return register_symid(id, name, len, enc);
}

ID
rb_intern2(const char *name, long len)
{
    return rb_intern3(name, len, rb_usascii_encoding());
}

#undef rb_intern
ID
rb_intern(const char *name)
{
    return rb_intern2(name, strlen(name));
}

ID
rb_intern_str(VALUE str)
{
    rb_encoding *enc;
    ID id;

    if (rb_enc_str_coderange(str) == ENC_CODERANGE_7BIT) {
        enc = rb_usascii_encoding();
    }
    else {
        enc = rb_enc_get(str);
    }
    id = rb_intern3(RSTRING_PTR(str), RSTRING_LEN(str), enc);
    RB_GC_GUARD(str);
    return id;
}

VALUE
rb_id2str(ID id)
{
    st_data_t data;

    if (id < tLAST_TOKEN) {
        int i = 0;

        if (rb_ispunct(id)) {
            VALUE str = global_symbols.op_sym[i = (int)id];
            if (!str) {
                char name[2];
                name[0] = (char)id;
                name[1] = 0;
                str = rb_usascii_str_new(name, 1);
                OBJ_FREEZE(str);
                global_symbols.op_sym[i] = str;
            }
            return str;
        }
        for (i = 0; i < op_tbl_count; i++) {
            if (op_tbl[i].token == id) {
                VALUE str = global_symbols.op_sym[i];
                if (!str) {
                    str = rb_usascii_str_new2(op_tbl[i].name);
                    OBJ_FREEZE(str);
                    global_symbols.op_sym[i] = str;
                }
                return str;
            }
        }
    }

    if (st_lookup(global_symbols.id_str, id, &data)) {
        VALUE str = (VALUE)data;
        if (RBASIC(str)->klass == 0)
            RBASIC(str)->klass = rb_cString;
        return str;
    }

    if (is_attrset_id(id)) {
        ID id2 = (id & ~ID_SCOPE_MASK) | ID_LOCAL;
        VALUE str;

        while (!(str = rb_id2str(id2))) {
            if (!is_local_id(id2)) return 0;
            id2 = (id & ~ID_SCOPE_MASK) | ID_CONST;
        }
        str = rb_str_dup(str);
        rb_str_cat(str, "=", 1);
        rb_intern_str(str);
        if (st_lookup(global_symbols.id_str, id, &data)) {
            VALUE str = (VALUE)data;
            if (RBASIC(str)->klass == 0)
                RBASIC(str)->klass = rb_cString;
            return str;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

const char *
rb_id2name(ID id)
{
    VALUE str = rb_id2str(id);

    if (!str) return 0;
    return RSTRING_PTR(str);
}

static int
symbols_i(VALUE sym, ID value, VALUE ary)
{
    rb_ary_push(ary, ID2SYM(value));
    return ST_CONTINUE;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *     Symbol.all_symbols    => array
 *
 *  Returns an array of all the symbols currently in Ruby's symbol
 *  table.
 *
 *     Symbol.all_symbols.size    #=> 903
 *     Symbol.all_symbols[1,20]   #=> [:floor, :ARGV, :Binding, :symlink,
 *                                     :chown, :EOFError, :$;, :String,
 *                                     :LOCK_SH, :"setuid?", :$<,
 *                                     :default_proc, :compact, :extend,
 *                                     :Tms, :getwd, :$=, :ThreadGroup,
 *                                     :wait2, :$>]
 */

VALUE
rb_sym_all_symbols(void)
{
    VALUE ary = rb_ary_new2(global_symbols.sym_id->num_entries);

    st_foreach(global_symbols.sym_id, symbols_i, ary);
    return ary;
}

int
rb_is_const_id(ID id)
{
    if (is_const_id(id)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

int
rb_is_class_id(ID id)
{
    if (is_class_id(id)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

int
rb_is_instance_id(ID id)
{
    if (is_instance_id(id)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

int
rb_is_local_id(ID id)
{
    if (is_local_id(id)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

int
rb_is_junk_id(ID id)
{
    if (is_junk_id(id)) return Qtrue;
    return Qfalse;
}

#endif /* !RIPPER */

static void
parser_initialize(struct parser_params *parser)
{
    parser->eofp = Qfalse;

    parser->parser_lex_strterm = 0;
    parser->parser_cond_stack = 0;
    parser->parser_cmdarg_stack = 0;
    parser->parser_class_nest = 0;
    parser->parser_paren_nest = 0;
    parser->parser_lpar_beg = 0;
    parser->parser_in_single = 0;
    parser->parser_in_def = 0;
    parser->parser_in_defined = 0;
    parser->parser_compile_for_eval = 0;
    parser->parser_cur_mid = 0;
    parser->parser_tokenbuf = NULL;
    parser->parser_tokidx = 0;
    parser->parser_toksiz = 0;
    parser->parser_heredoc_end = 0;
    parser->parser_command_start = Qtrue;
    parser->parser_deferred_nodes = 0;
    parser->parser_lex_pbeg = 0;
    parser->parser_lex_p = 0;
    parser->parser_lex_pend = 0;
    parser->parser_lvtbl = 0;
    parser->parser_ruby__end__seen = 0;
    parser->parser_ruby_sourcefile = 0;
#ifndef RIPPER
    parser->is_ripper = 0;
    parser->parser_eval_tree_begin = 0;
    parser->parser_eval_tree = 0;
#else
    parser->is_ripper = 1;
    parser->parser_ruby_sourcefile_string = Qnil;
    parser->delayed = Qnil;

    parser->result = Qnil;
    parser->parsing_thread = Qnil;
    parser->toplevel_p = Qtrue;
#endif
#ifdef YYMALLOC
    parser->heap = NULL;
#endif
    parser->enc = rb_usascii_encoding();
}

#ifdef RIPPER
#define parser_mark ripper_parser_mark
#define parser_free ripper_parser_free
#endif

static void
parser_mark(void *ptr)
{
    struct parser_params *p = (struct parser_params*)ptr;

    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p->parser_lex_strterm);
    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p->parser_deferred_nodes);
    rb_gc_mark(p->parser_lex_input);
    rb_gc_mark(p->parser_lex_lastline);
    rb_gc_mark(p->parser_lex_nextline);
#ifndef RIPPER
    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p->parser_eval_tree_begin) ;
    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p->parser_eval_tree) ;
    rb_gc_mark(p->debug_lines);
#else
    rb_gc_mark(p->parser_ruby_sourcefile_string);
    rb_gc_mark(p->delayed);
    rb_gc_mark(p->value);
    rb_gc_mark(p->result);
    rb_gc_mark(p->parsing_thread);
#endif
#ifdef YYMALLOC
    rb_gc_mark((VALUE)p->heap);
#endif
}

static void
parser_free(void *ptr)
{
    struct parser_params *p = (struct parser_params*)ptr;
    struct local_vars *local, *prev;

    if (p->parser_tokenbuf) {
        xfree(p->parser_tokenbuf);
    }
    for (local = p->parser_lvtbl; local; local = prev) {
        if (local->vars) xfree(local->vars);
        prev = local->prev;
        xfree(local);
    }
#ifndef RIPPER
    xfree(p->parser_ruby_sourcefile);
#endif
    xfree(p);
}

VALUE rb_parser_get_yydebug(VALUE);
VALUE rb_parser_set_yydebug(VALUE, VALUE);

#ifndef RIPPER
static struct parser_params *
parser_new(void)
{
    struct parser_params *p;

    p = ALLOC_N(struct parser_params, 1);
    MEMZERO(p, struct parser_params, 1);
    parser_initialize(p);
    return p;
}

VALUE
rb_parser_new(void)
{
    struct parser_params *p = parser_new();

    return Data_Wrap_Struct(0, parser_mark, parser_free, p);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper#end_seen?   -> Boolean
 *
 *  Return if parsed source ended by +\_\_END\_\_+.
 *  This number starts from 1.
 */
VALUE
rb_parser_end_seen_p(VALUE vparser)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);
    return ruby__end__seen ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper#encoding   -> encoding
 *
 *  Return encoding of the source.
 */
VALUE
rb_parser_encoding(VALUE vparser)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(vparser, struct parser_params, parser);
    return rb_enc_from_encoding(parser->enc);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper.yydebug   -> true or false
 *
 *  Get yydebug.
 */
VALUE
rb_parser_get_yydebug(VALUE self)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    return yydebug ? Qtrue : Qfalse;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper.yydebug = flag
 *
 *  Set yydebug.
 */
VALUE
rb_parser_set_yydebug(VALUE self, VALUE flag)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    yydebug = RTEST(flag);
    return flag;
}

#ifdef YYMALLOC
#define HEAPCNT(n, size) ((n) * (size) / sizeof(YYSTYPE))
#define NEWHEAP() rb_node_newnode(NODE_ALLOCA, 0, (VALUE)parser->heap, 0)
#define ADD2HEAP(n, c, p) ((parser->heap = (n))->u1.node = (p), \
                           (n)->u3.cnt = (c), (p))

void *
rb_parser_malloc(struct parser_params *parser, size_t size)
{
    size_t cnt = HEAPCNT(1, size);
    NODE *n = NEWHEAP();
    void *ptr = xmalloc(size);

    return ADD2HEAP(n, cnt, ptr);
}

void *
rb_parser_calloc(struct parser_params *parser, size_t nelem, size_t size)
{
    size_t cnt = HEAPCNT(nelem, size);
    NODE *n = NEWHEAP();
    void *ptr = xcalloc(nelem, size);

    return ADD2HEAP(n, cnt, ptr);
}

void *
rb_parser_realloc(struct parser_params *parser, void *ptr, size_t size)
{
    NODE *n;
    size_t cnt = HEAPCNT(1, size);

    if (ptr && (n = parser->heap) != NULL) {
        do {
            if (n->u1.node == ptr) {
                n->u1.node = ptr = xrealloc(ptr, size);
                if (n->u3.cnt) n->u3.cnt = cnt;
                return ptr;
            }
        } while ((n = n->u2.node) != NULL);
    }
    n = NEWHEAP();
    ptr = xrealloc(ptr, size);
    return ADD2HEAP(n, cnt, ptr);
}

void
rb_parser_free(struct parser_params *parser, void *ptr)
{
    NODE **prev = &parser->heap, *n;

    while ((n = *prev) != NULL) {
        if (n->u1.node == ptr) {
            *prev = n->u2.node;
            rb_gc_force_recycle((VALUE)n);
            break;
        }
        prev = &n->u2.node;
    }
    xfree(ptr);
}
#endif
#endif

#ifdef RIPPER
#ifdef RIPPER_DEBUG
extern int rb_is_pointer_to_heap(VALUE);

/* :nodoc: */
static VALUE
ripper_validate_object(VALUE self, VALUE x)
{
    if (x == Qfalse) return x;
    if (x == Qtrue) return x;
    if (x == Qnil) return x;
    if (x == Qundef)
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Qundef given");
    if (FIXNUM_P(x)) return x;
    if (SYMBOL_P(x)) return x;
    if (!rb_is_pointer_to_heap(x))
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "invalid pointer: %p", x);
    switch (TYPE(x)) {
      case T_STRING:
      case T_OBJECT:
      case T_ARRAY:
      case T_BIGNUM:
      case T_FLOAT:
        return x;
      case T_NODE:
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "NODE given: %p", x);
      default:
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "wrong type of ruby object: %p (%s)",
                 x, rb_obj_classname(x));
    }
    return x;
}
#endif

#define validate(x)

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch0(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid)
{
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 0);
}

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch1(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid, VALUE a)
{
    validate(a);
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 1, a);
}

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch2(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid, VALUE a, VALUE b)
{
    validate(a);
    validate(b);
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 2, a, b);
}

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch3(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid, VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c)
{
    validate(a);
    validate(b);
    validate(c);
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 3, a, b, c);
}

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch4(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid, VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c, VALUE d)
{
    validate(a);
    validate(b);
    validate(c);
    validate(d);
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 4, a, b, c, d);
}

static VALUE
ripper_dispatch5(struct parser_params *parser, ID mid, VALUE a, VALUE b, VALUE c, VALUE d, VALUE e)
{
    validate(a);
    validate(b);
    validate(c);
    validate(d);
    validate(e);
    return rb_funcall(parser->value, mid, 5, a, b, c, d, e);
}

static const struct kw_assoc {
    ID id;
    const char *name;
} keyword_to_name[] = {
    {keyword_class,     "class"},
    {keyword_module,    "module"},
    {keyword_def,       "def"},
    {keyword_undef,     "undef"},
    {keyword_begin,     "begin"},
    {keyword_rescue,    "rescue"},
    {keyword_ensure,    "ensure"},
    {keyword_end,       "end"},
    {keyword_if,        "if"},
    {keyword_unless,    "unless"},
    {keyword_then,      "then"},
    {keyword_elsif,     "elsif"},
    {keyword_else,      "else"},
    {keyword_case,      "case"},
    {keyword_when,      "when"},
    {keyword_while,     "while"},
    {keyword_until,     "until"},
    {keyword_for,       "for"},
    {keyword_break,     "break"},
    {keyword_next,      "next"},
    {keyword_redo,      "redo"},
    {keyword_retry,     "retry"},
    {keyword_in,        "in"},
    {keyword_do,        "do"},
    {keyword_do_cond,   "do"},
    {keyword_do_block,  "do"},
    {keyword_return,    "return"},
    {keyword_yield,     "yield"},
    {keyword_super,     "super"},
    {keyword_self,      "self"},
    {keyword_nil,       "nil"},
    {keyword_true,      "true"},
    {keyword_false,     "false"},
    {keyword_and,       "and"},
    {keyword_or,        "or"},
    {keyword_not,       "not"},
    {modifier_if,       "if"},
    {modifier_unless,   "unless"},
    {modifier_while,    "while"},
    {modifier_until,    "until"},
    {modifier_rescue,   "rescue"},
    {keyword_alias,     "alias"},
    {keyword_defined,   "defined?"},
    {keyword_BEGIN,     "BEGIN"},
    {keyword_END,       "END"},
    {keyword__LINE__,   "__LINE__"},
    {keyword__FILE__,   "__FILE__"},
    {keyword__ENCODING__, "__ENCODING__"},
    {0, NULL}
};

static const char*
keyword_id_to_str(ID id)
{
    const struct kw_assoc *a;

    for (a = keyword_to_name; a->id; a++) {
        if (a->id == id)
            return a->name;
    }
    return NULL;
}

#undef ripper_id2sym
static VALUE
ripper_id2sym(ID id)
{
    const char *name;
    char buf[8];

    if (id <= 256) {
        buf[0] = id;
        buf[1] = '\0';
        return ID2SYM(rb_intern(buf));
    }
    if ((name = keyword_id_to_str(id))) {
        return ID2SYM(rb_intern(name));
    }
    switch (id) {
      case tOROP:
        name = "||";
        break;
      case tANDOP:
        name = "&&";
        break;
      default:
        name = rb_id2name(id);
        if (!name) {
            rb_bug("cannot convert ID to string: %ld", (unsigned long)id);
        }
        break;
    }
    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(name));
}

static VALUE
ripper_intern(const char *s)
{
    return ID2SYM(rb_intern(s));
}

static void
ripper_compile_error(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt, ...)
{
    VALUE str;
    va_list args;

    va_start(args, fmt);
    str = rb_vsprintf(fmt, args);
    va_end(args);
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("compile_error"), 1, str);
}

static void
ripper_warn0(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt)
{
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("warn"), 1, STR_NEW2(fmt));
}

static void
ripper_warnI(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt, int a)
{
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("warn"), 2,
               STR_NEW2(fmt), INT2NUM(a));
}

#if 0
static void
ripper_warnS(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt, const char *str)
{
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("warn"), 2,
               STR_NEW2(fmt), STR_NEW2(str));
}
#endif

static void
ripper_warning0(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt)
{
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("warning"), 1, STR_NEW2(fmt));
}

static void
ripper_warningS(struct parser_params *parser, const char *fmt, const char *str)
{
    rb_funcall(parser->value, rb_intern("warning"), 2,
               STR_NEW2(fmt), STR_NEW2(str));
}

static VALUE
ripper_lex_get_generic(struct parser_params *parser, VALUE src)
{
    return rb_funcall(src, ripper_id_gets, 0);
}

static VALUE
ripper_s_allocate(VALUE klass)
{
    struct parser_params *p;
    VALUE self;

    p = ALLOC_N(struct parser_params, 1);
    MEMZERO(p, struct parser_params, 1);
    self = Data_Wrap_Struct(klass, parser_mark, parser_free, p);
    p->value = self;
    return self;
}

#define ripper_initialized_p(r) ((r)->parser_lex_input != 0)

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    Ripper.new(src, filename="(ripper)", lineno=1) -> ripper
 *
 *  Create a new Ripper object.
 *  _src_ must be a String, an IO, or an Object which has #gets method.
 *
 *  This method does not starts parsing.
 *  See also Ripper#parse and Ripper.parse.
 */
static VALUE
ripper_initialize(int argc, VALUE *argv, VALUE self)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;
    VALUE src, fname, lineno;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    rb_scan_args(argc, argv, "12", &src, &fname, &lineno);
    if (rb_obj_respond_to(src, ripper_id_gets, 0)) {
        parser->parser_lex_gets = ripper_lex_get_generic;
    }
    else {
        StringValue(src);
        parser->parser_lex_gets = lex_get_str;
    }
    parser->parser_lex_input = src;
    parser->eofp = Qfalse;
    if (NIL_P(fname)) {
        fname = STR_NEW2("(ripper)");
    }
    else {
        StringValue(fname);
    }
    parser_initialize(parser);

    parser->parser_ruby_sourcefile_string = fname;
    parser->parser_ruby_sourcefile = RSTRING_PTR(fname);
    parser->parser_ruby_sourceline = NIL_P(lineno) ? 0 : NUM2INT(lineno) - 1;

    return Qnil;
}

extern VALUE rb_thread_pass(void);

struct ripper_args {
    struct parser_params *parser;
    int argc;
    VALUE *argv;
};

static VALUE
ripper_parse0(VALUE parser_v)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(parser_v, struct parser_params, parser);
    parser_prepare(parser);
    ripper_yyparse((void*)parser);
    return parser->result;
}

static VALUE
ripper_ensure(VALUE parser_v)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(parser_v, struct parser_params, parser);
    parser->parsing_thread = Qnil;
    return Qnil;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper#parse
 *
 *  Start parsing and returns the value of the root action.
 */
static VALUE
ripper_parse(VALUE self)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    if (!ripper_initialized_p(parser)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "method called for uninitialized object");
    }
    if (!NIL_P(parser->parsing_thread)) {
        if (parser->parsing_thread == rb_thread_current())
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Ripper#parse is not reentrant");
        else
            rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "Ripper#parse is not multithread-safe");
    }
    parser->parsing_thread = rb_thread_current();
    rb_ensure(ripper_parse0, self, ripper_ensure, self);

    return parser->result;
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper#column   -> Integer
 *
 *  Return column number of current parsing line.
 *  This number starts from 0.
 */
static VALUE
ripper_column(VALUE self)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;
    long col;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    if (!ripper_initialized_p(parser)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "method called for uninitialized object");
    }
    if (NIL_P(parser->parsing_thread)) return Qnil;
    col = parser->tokp - parser->parser_lex_pbeg;
    return LONG2NUM(col);
}

/*
 *  call-seq:
 *    ripper#lineno   -> Integer
 *
 *  Return line number of current parsing line.
 *  This number starts from 1.
 */
static VALUE
ripper_lineno(VALUE self)
{
    struct parser_params *parser;

    Data_Get_Struct(self, struct parser_params, parser);
    if (!ripper_initialized_p(parser)) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "method called for uninitialized object");
    }
    if (NIL_P(parser->parsing_thread)) return Qnil;
    return INT2NUM(parser->parser_ruby_sourceline);
}

#ifdef RIPPER_DEBUG
/* :nodoc: */
static VALUE
ripper_assert_Qundef(VALUE self, VALUE obj, VALUE msg)
{
    StringValue(msg);
    if (obj == Qundef) {
        rb_raise(rb_eArgError, "%s", RSTRING_PTR(msg));
    }
    return Qnil;
}

/* :nodoc: */
static VALUE
ripper_value(VALUE self, VALUE obj)
{
    return ULONG2NUM(obj);
}
#endif

void
Init_ripper(void)
{
    VALUE Ripper;

    Ripper = rb_define_class("Ripper", rb_cObject);
    rb_define_const(Ripper, "Version", rb_usascii_str_new2(RIPPER_VERSION));
    rb_define_alloc_func(Ripper, ripper_s_allocate);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "initialize", ripper_initialize, -1);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "parse", ripper_parse, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "column", ripper_column, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "lineno", ripper_lineno, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "end_seen?", rb_parser_end_seen_p, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "encoding", rb_parser_encoding, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "yydebug", rb_parser_get_yydebug, 0);
    rb_define_method(Ripper, "yydebug=", rb_parser_set_yydebug, 1);
#ifdef RIPPER_DEBUG
    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "assert_Qundef", ripper_assert_Qundef, 2);
    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "rawVALUE", ripper_value, 1);
    rb_define_method(rb_mKernel, "validate_object", ripper_validate_object, 1);
#endif

    ripper_id_gets = rb_intern("gets");
    ripper_init_eventids1(Ripper);
    ripper_init_eventids2(Ripper);
    /* ensure existing in symbol table */
    rb_intern("||");
    rb_intern("&&");
}
#endif /* RIPPER */

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